Sleep in people with and without intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 2.1 2区医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI:10.1111/jir.13093

E. G. Browne, J. R. King, A. D. R. Surtees

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Abstract

Background

Sleep problems are regularly reported in people with intellectual disabilities. Recent years have seen a substantial increase in studies comparing sleep in people with intellectual disabilities to control participants, with an increase in the use of validated, objective measures. Emerging patterns of differences in sleep time and sleep quality warrant pooled investigation.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted across three databases (Ovid Embase, PsycInfo and Medline) and returned all papers comparing sleep in people with intellectual disabilities to a control group, published since the last meta-analysis on the topic. A quality framework was employed to rate the risk of bias across studies. Separate meta-analyses of sleep duration and sleep quality were conducted. Subgrouping compared findings for those studies with participants with genetic syndromes or neurodevelopmental conditions and those with heterogeneous intellectual disability.

Results

Thirteen new papers were identified and combined with those from the previous meta-analysis to provide 34 papers in total. Quality of studies was generally rated highly, though sampling provided risk of bias and adaptive functioning was rarely measured. People with intellectual disability associated with genetic syndromes or neurodevelopmental conditions sleep for shorter time periods (standardised mean difference = .26) and experience worse sleep quality (standardised mean difference = .68) than their peers. People with intellectual disability of heterogeneous origin show no difference in sleep time but have poorer sleep quality. There was some evidence that age moderated these effects.

Conclusions

People with intellectual disability have poorer sleep than those without. Subtle patterns suggest that aetiology of intellectual disability moderates the topography of these difficulties, with further work needed to differentiate common and distinct mechanisms across groups.

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智障和非智障患者的睡眠：一项系统综述和荟萃分析。

背景：智力残疾患者经常出现睡眠问题。近年来，将智障人士的睡眠与对照参与者进行比较的研究大幅增加，使用经过验证的客观指标的情况也有所增加。新出现的睡眠时间和睡眠质量差异模式值得进行联合调查。方法：在三个数据库（Ovid-Ebase、PsycInfo和Medline）中进行系统搜索，并返回自上次关于该主题的荟萃分析以来发表的所有将智障患者睡眠与对照组进行比较的论文。采用质量框架对各研究中的偏倚风险进行评分。对睡眠时间和睡眠质量进行了单独的荟萃分析。分组将这些研究的结果与患有遗传综合征或神经发育疾病的参与者和患有异质性智力残疾的参与者进行了比较。结果：确定了13篇新论文，并将其与先前荟萃分析的论文相结合，总共提供了34篇论文。研究的质量通常被高度评价，尽管抽样提供了偏见的风险，而且很少测量适应功能。与同龄人相比，与遗传综合征或神经发育状况相关的智力残疾患者睡眠时间更短（标准化平均差异=.26），睡眠质量更差（标准化均值差异=.68）。不同来源的智力残疾患者的睡眠时间没有差异，但睡眠质量较差。有一些证据表明，年龄调节了这些影响。结论：有智力残疾的人睡眠质量比没有智力障碍的人差。微妙的模式表明，智力残疾的病因调节了这些困难的地形，需要进一步的工作来区分不同群体的常见和不同机制。

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来源期刊

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Multiple-

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

5.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Intellectual Disability Research is devoted exclusively to the scientific study of intellectual disability and publishes papers reporting original observations in this field. The subject matter is broad and includes, but is not restricted to, findings from biological, educational, genetic, medical, psychiatric, psychological and sociological studies, and ethical, philosophical, and legal contributions that increase knowledge on the treatment and prevention of intellectual disability and of associated impairments and disabilities, and/or inform public policy and practice. Expert reviews on themes in which recent research has produced notable advances will be included. Such reviews will normally be by invitation.