Use of 3D Printing Techniques to Fabricate Implantable Microelectrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases

IF 4.6 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL ACS Measurement Science Au Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI:10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00028
Nemira Zilinskaite, Rajendra P. Shukla and Ausra Baradoke*, 
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Abstract

This Review provides a comprehensive overview of 3D printing techniques to fabricate implantable microelectrodes for the electrochemical detection of biomarkers in the early diagnosis of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Early diagnosis of these diseases is crucial to improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare systems' burden. Biomarkers serve as measurable indicators of these diseases, and implantable microelectrodes offer a promising tool for their electrochemical detection. Here, we discuss various 3D printing techniques, including stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and two-photon polymerization (2PP), highlighting their advantages and limitations in microelectrode fabrication. We also explore the materials used in constructing implantable microelectrodes, emphasizing their biocompatibility and biodegradation properties. The principles of electrochemical detection and the types of sensors utilized are examined, with a focus on their applications in detecting biomarkers for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we address the current challenges and future perspectives in the field of 3D-printed implantable microelectrodes, emphasizing their potential for improving early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.

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使用3D打印技术制造可植入微电极,用于心血管和神经退行性疾病早期诊断中生物标记物的电化学检测。
这篇综述全面概述了3D打印技术,以制造可植入微电极,用于电化学检测心血管和神经退行性疾病早期诊断中的生物标志物。这些疾病的早期诊断对于改善患者预后和减轻医疗系统负担至关重要。生物标记物是这些疾病的可测量指标,可植入微电极为其电化学检测提供了一种很有前途的工具。在这里,我们讨论了各种3D打印技术,包括立体光刻(SLA)、数字光处理(DLP)、熔融沉积建模(FDM)、选择性激光烧结(SLS)和双光子聚合(2PP),强调了它们在微电极制造中的优势和局限性。我们还探索了用于构建可植入微电极的材料,强调了它们的生物相容性和生物降解特性。研究了电化学检测的原理和所用传感器的类型,重点介绍了它们在检测心血管和神经退行性疾病生物标志物中的应用。最后,我们讨论了3D打印植入式微电极领域的当前挑战和未来前景,强调了它们在改善早期诊断和个性化治疗策略方面的潜力。
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来源期刊
ACS Measurement Science Au
ACS Measurement Science Au 化学计量学-
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: ACS Measurement Science Au is an open access journal that publishes experimental computational or theoretical research in all areas of chemical measurement science. Short letters comprehensive articles reviews and perspectives are welcome on topics that report on any phase of analytical operations including sampling measurement and data analysis. This includes:Chemical Reactions and SelectivityChemometrics and Data ProcessingElectrochemistryElemental and Molecular CharacterizationImagingInstrumentationMass SpectrometryMicroscale and Nanoscale systemsOmics (Genomics Proteomics Metabonomics Metabolomics and Bioinformatics)Sensors and Sensing (Biosensors Chemical Sensors Gas Sensors Intracellular Sensors Single-Molecule Sensors Cell Chips Arrays Microfluidic Devices)SeparationsSpectroscopySurface analysisPapers dealing with established methods need to offer a significantly improved original application of the method.
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