Syah Mirsya Warli, Fauriski Febrian Prapiska, Dewi Indah Sari Siregar, Ilham Ari Seja
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer, as one of types of cancers within the urinary tract, is associated with a greater risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), resulting in a poorer prognosis, discontinuation of effective oncological treatments, longer hospitalization, and higher expenses. There is no discussion yet on tumor markers in bladder cancer. With the revolutionary advances in bladder cancer molecular subtyping over the past decade, the presence of tumor markers to assess the staging of bladder cancer has yet to be discussed. In this study, we intended to assess the relationship between tumor markers and incidence of AKI, also between tumor markers and the cancer staging.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from 26 medical records of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer at the Adam Malik and Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital between 2021and 2022. This study included all patients with bladder cancer who met the inclusion criteria. Continuous variables were reported as mean (standard deviation (SD)) and examined using an independent t-test. Categorical variables were reported as proportions, examined using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Pre- and post-tumor marker data were evaluated with dependent sample t-test for normal variance data, and Wilcoxon test for data with atypical distribution. P values were set at 0.05.
Results: CD44 (P = 0.003) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) (P = 0.030) were the only significant markers in their pre- and post-chemoradiation states among the four investigated tumor markers in this study. Meanwhile, PD-1 tumor marker levels were only found to be significant between AKI and pre-chemoradiation (P = 0.011). Even though the multivariate study of tumor staging did not show any statistical significance, both tumor markers CD44 and PD-1 showed a significant effect on the incidence of acute renal damage (P = 0.034).
Conclusions: Pre-chemoradiation PD-1 tumor markers showed promise as good predictive indicators for staging and AKI incidence in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation therapy.
期刊介绍:
World Journal of Oncology, bimonthly, publishes original contributions describing basic research and clinical investigation of cancer, on the cellular, molecular, prevention, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis aspects. The submissions can be basic research or clinical investigation oriented. This journal welcomes those submissions focused on the clinical trials of new treatment modalities for cancer, and those submissions focused on molecular or cellular research of the oncology pathogenesis. Case reports submitted for consideration of publication should explore either a novel genomic event/description or a new safety signal from an oncolytic agent. The areas of interested manuscripts are these disciplines: tumor immunology and immunotherapy; cancer molecular pharmacology and chemotherapy; drug sensitivity and resistance; cancer epidemiology; clinical trials; cancer pathology; radiobiology and radiation oncology; solid tumor oncology; hematological malignancies; surgical oncology; pediatric oncology; molecular oncology and cancer genes; gene therapy; cancer endocrinology; cancer metastasis; prevention and diagnosis of cancer; other cancer related subjects. The types of manuscripts accepted are original article, review, editorial, short communication, case report, letter to the editor, book review.