Neutralizing Activity of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Patients with COVID-19 and Vaccinated Individuals.

IF 3 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Antibodies Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI:10.3390/antib12040061

Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek, Vladimir Stevanovic, Snjezana Kovac, Ema Borko, Maja Bogdanic, Gorana Miletic, Zeljka Hruskar, Thomas Ferenc, Ivona Coric, Mateja Vujica Ferenc, Ljiljana Milasincic, Ljiljana Antolasic, Ljubo Barbic

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Abstract

Background: Serological diagnosis of COVID-19 is complex due to the emergence of different SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Methods: 164 serum samples from (I) patients who recovered from COVID-19 (n = 62) as well as (II) vaccinated individuals (n = 52) and (III) vaccinated individuals who were infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants after vaccination (n = 50) were included. All samples were tested using EIA (binding antibodies) and a virus neutralization test (VNT) using the Wuhan strain (NT antibodies). Group III was further tested with a VNT using the Alpha/Delta/Omicron strains.

Results: The highest antibody index (AI) was observed in vaccinated individuals infected with COVID-19 (median AI = 50, IQR = 27-71) and the lowest in vaccinated individuals (median AI = 19, IQR = 8-48). Similarly, NT antibody titer was highest in vaccinated individuals infected with COVID-19 (median 128; IQR = 32-256) compared to vaccinated individuals (median 32, IQR = 4-128) and patients with COVID-19 (median 32, IQR = 8-64). The correlation between AI and NT titer was strongly positive in vaccinated individuals and moderately positive in patients with COVID-19. No significant correlation was observed in vaccinated individuals infected with COVID-19. In patients infected with Alpha and Delta, the lowest VNT positivity rate was for the Omicron variant (85.0%/83.3%). Patients infected with the Alpha variant showed the lowest NT titer for the Omicron variant (median titer 32) compared to the Wuhan/Delta variants (64/128). Patients infected with the Delta variant had the lowest NT titer to the Omicron variant (median 32), compared to the Wuhan/Alpha variants (64/128). Patients infected with the Omicron variant showed similar titers to the Delta/Wuhan variants (128) and higher to the Alpha variant (256).

Conclusions: The cross-immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is lowest for the Omicron variant compared to the Alpha/Delta variants.

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新冠肺炎患者和接种疫苗的个体中SARS-CoV-2抗体的中和活性。

背景：由于出现了不同的SARS-CoV-2变种，新冠肺炎的血清学诊断很复杂。方法：纳入164份血清样本，这些样本来自（I）新冠肺炎康复患者（n=62）以及（II）接种疫苗的个体（n=52）和（III）接种疫苗后感染不同SARS-CoV-2变体的接种个体（n=50）。使用EIA（结合抗体）和使用武汉株（NT抗体）的病毒中和试验（VNT）对所有样品进行测试。第III组使用阿尔法/德尔塔/奥密克戎毒株用VNT进一步测试。结果：接种新冠肺炎疫苗的个体抗体指数（AI）最高（中位数AI=50，IQR=27-71），接种疫苗的个体最低（中位数AI=19，IQR=8-48）。类似地，与接种疫苗的个体（中位数32，IQR=4-128）和新冠肺炎患者（中位数32、IQR=8-64）相比，接种疫苗的新冠肺炎感染者的NT抗体滴度最高（中位数128；IQR=32-256）。AI和NT滴度在接种疫苗的个体中呈强阳性，在新冠肺炎患者中呈中等阳性。在接种疫苗的新冠肺炎感染者中未观察到显著相关性。在感染阿尔法和德尔塔的患者中，奥密克戎变异株的VNT阳性率最低（85.0%/83.3%）。与武汉/德尔塔变异株（64/128）相比，感染阿尔法变异株的患者奥密克龙变异株的NT滴度最低（中位滴度32）。与武汉/阿尔法变异株（64/128）相比，感染德尔塔变异株的患者对奥密克戎变异株的NT滴度最低（中位数为32）。感染奥密克戎变异株的患者显示出与德尔塔/武汉变异株相似的滴度（128），高于阿尔法变异株（256）。结论：与阿尔法/德尔塔变异株相比，奥密克龙变异株对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的交叉免疫力最低。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Antibodies IMMUNOLOGY-

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

6.40%

发文量

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： Antibodies (ISSN 2073-4468), an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to antibodies and antigens. It publishes reviews, research articles, communications and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided. Electronic files or software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure - if unable to be published in a normal way - can be deposited as supplementary material. This journal covers all topics related to antibodies and antigens, topics of interest include (but are not limited to): antibody-producing cells (including B cells), antibody structure and function, antibody-antigen interactions, Fc receptors, antibody manufacturing antibody engineering, antibody therapy, immunoassays, antibody diagnosis, tissue antigens, exogenous antigens, endogenous antigens, autoantigens, monoclonal antibodies, natural antibodies, humoral immune responses, immunoregulatory molecules.