Neutralizing Activity of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Patients with COVID-19 and Vaccinated Individuals.

Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI:10.3390/antib12040061

Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek, Vladimir Stevanovic, Snjezana Kovac, Ema Borko, Maja Bogdanic, Gorana Miletic, Zeljka Hruskar, Thomas Ferenc, Ivona Coric, Mateja Vujica Ferenc, Ljiljana Milasincic, Ljiljana Antolasic, Ljubo Barbic

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Abstract

Background: Serological diagnosis of COVID-19 is complex due to the emergence of different SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Methods: 164 serum samples from (I) patients who recovered from COVID-19 (n = 62) as well as (II) vaccinated individuals (n = 52) and (III) vaccinated individuals who were infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants after vaccination (n = 50) were included. All samples were tested using EIA (binding antibodies) and a virus neutralization test (VNT) using the Wuhan strain (NT antibodies). Group III was further tested with a VNT using the Alpha/Delta/Omicron strains.

Results: The highest antibody index (AI) was observed in vaccinated individuals infected with COVID-19 (median AI = 50, IQR = 27-71) and the lowest in vaccinated individuals (median AI = 19, IQR = 8-48). Similarly, NT antibody titer was highest in vaccinated individuals infected with COVID-19 (median 128; IQR = 32-256) compared to vaccinated individuals (median 32, IQR = 4-128) and patients with COVID-19 (median 32, IQR = 8-64). The correlation between AI and NT titer was strongly positive in vaccinated individuals and moderately positive in patients with COVID-19. No significant correlation was observed in vaccinated individuals infected with COVID-19. In patients infected with Alpha and Delta, the lowest VNT positivity rate was for the Omicron variant (85.0%/83.3%). Patients infected with the Alpha variant showed the lowest NT titer for the Omicron variant (median titer 32) compared to the Wuhan/Delta variants (64/128). Patients infected with the Delta variant had the lowest NT titer to the Omicron variant (median 32), compared to the Wuhan/Alpha variants (64/128). Patients infected with the Omicron variant showed similar titers to the Delta/Wuhan variants (128) and higher to the Alpha variant (256).

Conclusions: The cross-immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is lowest for the Omicron variant compared to the Alpha/Delta variants.

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新冠肺炎患者和接种疫苗的个体中SARS-CoV-2抗体的中和活性。

背景：由于出现了不同的SARS-CoV-2变种，新冠肺炎的血清学诊断很复杂。方法：纳入164份血清样本，这些样本来自（I）新冠肺炎康复患者（n=62）以及（II）接种疫苗的个体（n=52）和（III）接种疫苗后感染不同SARS-CoV-2变体的接种个体（n=50）。使用EIA（结合抗体）和使用武汉株（NT抗体）的病毒中和试验（VNT）对所有样品进行测试。第III组使用阿尔法/德尔塔/奥密克戎毒株用VNT进一步测试。结果：接种新冠肺炎疫苗的个体抗体指数（AI）最高（中位数AI=50，IQR=27-71），接种疫苗的个体最低（中位数AI=19，IQR=8-48）。类似地，与接种疫苗的个体（中位数32，IQR=4-128）和新冠肺炎患者（中位数32、IQR=8-64）相比，接种疫苗的新冠肺炎感染者的NT抗体滴度最高（中位数128；IQR=32-256）。AI和NT滴度在接种疫苗的个体中呈强阳性，在新冠肺炎患者中呈中等阳性。在接种疫苗的新冠肺炎感染者中未观察到显著相关性。在感染阿尔法和德尔塔的患者中，奥密克戎变异株的VNT阳性率最低（85.0%/83.3%）。与武汉/德尔塔变异株（64/128）相比，感染阿尔法变异株的患者奥密克龙变异株的NT滴度最低（中位滴度32）。与武汉/阿尔法变异株（64/128）相比，感染德尔塔变异株的患者对奥密克戎变异株的NT滴度最低（中位数为32）。感染奥密克戎变异株的患者显示出与德尔塔/武汉变异株相似的滴度（128），高于阿尔法变异株（256）。结论：与阿尔法/德尔塔变异株相比，奥密克龙变异株对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的交叉免疫力最低。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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