Waterhole Characteristics in Tuberculosis Positive and Negative Beef Cattle Farms from Endemic Regions in Spain

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Rangeland Ecology & Management Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI:10.1016/j.rama.2023.09.008
G. Herrero-García , P. Barroso , L. Preite , D. Relimpio , R. Vaz-Rodrigues , A. Balseiro , C. Gortázar
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Abstract

In dry climates, livestock farming contributes to waterhole creation and maintenance, thereby contributing to biodiversity conservation. However, these lentic water bodies also represent a critical environmental connection between microorganisms and their vertebrate hosts since the water can facilitate pathogen persistence and transmission. Therefore, interventions for tuberculosis (TB) risk mitigation at the wildlife-livestock interface often focus on segregating host species at water points. We hypothesized that waterhole characteristics modulate their use by vertebrates and subsequent pathogen exposure risk. We visited 298 waterholes on 80 TB-positive and 40 TB-negative cattle farms in Spain to assess differences in waterhole characteristics and identify possible management implications. There was an average of 2.7 waterholes per farm. This represents 0.02 waterholes per km2 of farmland and 3.5 m2 of lentic waterbodies per km2 of farmland. Among the studied waterholes, 95% were man-made. Waterholes on TB-positive farms were 42% closer to covering vegetation than waterholes located on TB-negative ones. Farms with man-made waterholes showed a higher risk of TB than those with natural ones. The density of waterholes per surface unit was negatively associated with the farm TB risk. Waterholes placed on TB-positive farms were more intensively trampled by livestock. The best model explained farm positivity to TB as a function of the distance from the waterholes to the nearest cover vegetation, the aquatic vegetation richness found in the waterhole, the intensity of livestock use (trampling), the surrounding waterhole density, and the interaction between waterhole perimeter and the total number of signs of potential wildlife TB hosts per waterhole. Identifying the key waterhole features related to infection risk might allow designing One Health−inspired biosecurity measures such as increasing the number of waterholes, placing new waterholes farther away from cover, or fencing-out cattle from wildlife-rich waterholes to balance biodiversity conservation and animal health needs in extensive grazing systems.

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西班牙流行区结核病阳性和阴性肉牛养殖场的水孔特征
在干旱气候下,畜牧业有助于水坑的形成和维护,从而有助于生物多样性的保护。然而,这些慢水体也代表了微生物与其脊椎动物宿主之间的关键环境联系,因为水可以促进病原体的持久性和传播。因此,在野生动物-牲畜界面上缓解结核病风险的干预措施通常侧重于在供水点隔离宿主物种。我们假设水坑特征调节脊椎动物对其的使用以及随后的病原体暴露风险。我们访问了西班牙80个结核病阳性和40个结核病阴性养牛场的298个水坑,以评估水坑特征的差异,并确定可能的管理影响。每个农场平均有2.7个水坑。这意味着每平方公里农田有0.02个水坑,每平方公里耕地有3.5平方米的透镜体。在研究的水坑中,95%是人造的。结核病阳性农场的水坑比结核病阴性农场的水坑更接近覆盖植被42%。有人造水坑的农场比有天然水坑的农场更容易感染结核病。每个地表单位的水坑密度与农场结核病风险呈负相关。结核病阳性农场的水坑被牲畜践踏得更厉害。最佳模型将农场对结核病的积极性解释为从水坑到最近覆盖植被的距离、水坑中发现的水生植被丰富度、牲畜使用(践踏)强度、周围水坑密度以及水坑周边与每个水坑潜在野生动物结核病宿主迹象总数之间的相互作用。识别与感染风险相关的关键水坑特征可能有助于设计“一个健康”启发的生物安全措施,如增加水坑的数量,将新的水坑放置在远离覆盖物的地方,或将牛与野生动物丰富的水坑隔离,以平衡广泛放牧系统中的生物多样性保护和动物健康需求。
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来源期刊
Rangeland Ecology & Management
Rangeland Ecology & Management 农林科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
13.00%
发文量
87
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Rangeland Ecology & Management publishes all topics-including ecology, management, socioeconomic and policy-pertaining to global rangelands. The journal''s mission is to inform academics, ecosystem managers and policy makers of science-based information to promote sound rangeland stewardship. Author submissions are published in five manuscript categories: original research papers, high-profile forum topics, concept syntheses, as well as research and technical notes. Rangelands represent approximately 50% of the Earth''s land area and provision multiple ecosystem services for large human populations. This expansive and diverse land area functions as coupled human-ecological systems. Knowledge of both social and biophysical system components and their interactions represent the foundation for informed rangeland stewardship. Rangeland Ecology & Management uniquely integrates information from multiple system components to address current and pending challenges confronting global rangelands.
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