Respiratory distress in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Audrey Palmero
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Abstract

A 6 year old unsterilised male rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was presented in emergency with respiratory distress. He has been suffering from dental disease for some years. On clinical examination, the rabbit was discordant and had expiratory dyspnoea without nasal discharge. Respiratory sounds are audible on pulmonary auscultation and he is bradycardic. Pulmonary, bronchial and/or pleural disease are sought. Chest X-rays are consistent with cardiomegaly and pulmonary oedema is suspected. Abdominal X-rays showed generalized ileus. After two hours of oxygen and diuretics, the patient's electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia. Echocardiography diagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy. After 48 h of intensive care, the patient was discharged on benazepril, furosemide, pimobendan, metoclopramide and feeding. In rabbits, dilated cardiomyopathy can be idiopathic, age or breed related (giant breed), infectious or toxic. A link between severe stress and catecholamine action is also described in favour of ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy. The treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy is similar to that of domestic carnivores. However, in rabbits, the difficulty is to suspect cardiac pathology. With the thymus, interpretation of chest X- rays is not always easy. The practitioner may be assisted by measurement of blood pressure, electrocardiogram and assessment of the Buchanan index. However, echocardiography remains the preferred examination for a definite diagnosis.

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家兔(Oryctolagus cuniculus)的呼吸窘迫
一只6岁未经绝育的雄兔(Oryctolagus cuniculus)在呼吸窘迫的紧急情况下出现。他患牙病已经好几年了。在临床检查中,兔子不协调,出现呼气困难,没有鼻腔分泌物。肺部听诊可以听到呼吸音,他是心动过缓。寻求肺部、支气管和/或胸膜疾病。胸部X光片显示心脏肿大,怀疑有肺水肿。腹部X光片显示全身性肠梗阻。经过两小时的吸氧和利尿剂治疗,患者的心电图显示窦性心动过缓。超声心动图诊断为扩张型心肌病。重症监护48小时后,患者出院,服用贝那普利、呋塞米、吡莫本丹、甲氧氯普胺并进食。在兔子中,扩张型心肌病可能是特发性的、与年龄或品种相关的(巨型品种)、传染性的或毒性的。严重应激和儿茶酚胺作用之间的联系也被描述为有利于缺血性扩张型心肌病。扩张型心肌病的治疗方法与国内食肉动物的治疗方法相似。然而,在兔子身上,很难怀疑心脏病理。对于胸腺来说,解读胸部X射线并不总是那么容易。医生可以通过测量血压、心电图和评估Buchanan指数来获得帮助。然而,超声心动图仍然是确定诊断的首选检查方法。
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