Evaluating and optimising formic acid treatment against varroa mites on honey bees with MOx-sensors and a control loop

IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Smart agricultural technology Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI:10.1016/j.atech.2023.100342
Diren Senger , Thomas Schweizer , Ruchi Jha , Thorsten Kluss , Michael Vellekoop
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Abstract

In many parts of the world beekeepers report high numbers of honey bee colony losses, which is both an environmental and an economical problem. Varroa mites (Varroa destructor) are a major factor of honey bee colony losses. Many beekeepers use formic acid to fight varroa, but treatments show low efficacy when weather conditions are suboptimal or the acid is not handled correctly. To monitor different treatment approaches, a sensor setup with commercially available MOx gas sensors has been implemented and used for comparative measurements. With the sensors installed in the bee hive, the acid level can be measured continuously - which also allows to set up a control system. Together with adequate hardware for automated acid application and a closed loop approach, the varroa treatment can be made more stable. It also allows for optimization of its efficacy, since target values for acid concentration and duration of the treatment can be adjusted and tested in a reproducible way. We provide a thorough discussion of advantages and disadvantages of the MOx technology.

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用mox传感器和控制回路评估和优化甲酸对蜜蜂瓦螨的处理
在世界许多地方,养蜂人报告说蜜蜂群体大量减少,这既是一个环境问题,也是一个经济问题。瓦螨是造成蜜蜂群体损失的主要因素。许多养蜂人使用甲酸来对抗varroa,但当天气条件不理想或酸处理不当时,治疗效果不佳。为了监测不同的治疗方法,已经实施了具有市售MOx气体传感器的传感器设置,并用于比较测量。通过安装在蜂箱中的传感器,可以连续测量酸液液位,这也可以建立一个控制系统。再加上用于自动酸应用的足够硬件和闭环方法,可以使varroa治疗更加稳定。它还允许优化其疗效,因为酸浓度和治疗持续时间的目标值可以以可重复的方式进行调整和测试。我们对MOx技术的优点和缺点进行了深入的讨论。
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