Phytoremediation of contaminated water using aquatic plants, its mechanism and enhancement

Abstract

The contamination of natural resources, including land and water with organic pollutants, has become a major concern due to present intensive agricultural methods and industrialization. Despite being used for many years, phytoremediation is still a relatively new technology. Using a variety of mechanisms, aids that can increase the efficacy of phytoremediation processes, and strengths and limits associated with the application of this technology, this review article synthesizes the most recent research on aquatic plant species suited for use in phytoremediation. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes), and Duckweed (Lemna minor) are common accumulator plants for remediating polluted water. The phytoremediation's potential can be enhanced by genetic engineering, natural microbial stimulation, and chemical and natural additives. Phytoremediation can be a dependable option for a sustainable and affordable remediation of water from the organic and inorganic pollutants due to its low cost, sustainability linked with plants, and use of renewable energy.