EngAge – A metacognitive intervention to supplement working memory training: A feasibility study in older adults

IF 1.7 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Aging brain Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100083
Susanne M. Jaeggi , Alexandria N. Weaver , Elena Carbone , Francesca E. Trane , Rachel N. Smith-Peirce , Martin Buschkuehl , Christoph Flueckiger , Madison Carlson , John Jonides , Erika Borella
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Abstract

Working Memory (WM) training has shown promise in supporting cognitive functioning in older adult populations, but effects that generalize beyond the trained task have been inconsistent. Targeting cognitive processes in isolation might be a limiting factor given that metacognitive and motivational factors have been shown to impact older adults’ engagement with challenging cognitive activities, such as WM training. The current feasibility study implemented a novel metacognitive intervention in conjunction with WM training in older adults and examined its potential amplifying short- and long-term effects on cognitive and self-report outcomes as compared to WM or active control training alone. One-hundred and nineteen older adults completed a cognitive training over the course of 20 sessions at home. The cognitive training targeted either WM or general knowledge. In addition, one of the WM training groups completed a metacognitive program via group seminars. We tested for group differences in WM, inhibitory control, and episodic memory, and we assessed participants’ perceived self-efficacy and everyday memory failures. At post-test, we replicated earlier work by demonstrating that participants who completed the WM intervention outperformed the active control group in non-trained WM measures, and to some extent, in inhibitory control. However, we found no evidence that the supplemental metacognitive program led to benefits over and above the WM intervention. Nonetheless, we conclude that our metacognitive program is a step in the right direction given the tentative long-term effects and participants’ positive feedback, but more longitudinal data with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these early findings.

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EngAge——补充工作记忆训练的元认知干预:一项针对老年人的可行性研究
工作记忆(WM)训练在支持老年人的认知功能方面显示出了前景,但在训练任务之外推广的效果并不一致。鉴于元认知和动机因素已被证明会影响老年人参与具有挑战性的认知活动,如WM训练,孤立地针对认知过程可能是一个限制因素。目前的可行性研究在老年人中结合WM训练实施了一种新的元认知干预,并检查了与单独的WM或主动控制训练相比,其对认知和自我报告结果的短期和长期影响的潜在放大作用。119名老年人在家里完成了20次认知训练。认知训练针对的是WM或一般知识。此外,其中一个WM培训小组通过小组研讨会完成了元认知课程。我们测试了WM、抑制性控制和情景记忆的组间差异,并评估了参与者的自我效能感和日常记忆失败。在测试后,我们复制了早期的工作,证明完成WM干预的参与者在未经训练的WM测量中,以及在一定程度上在抑制性控制中,表现优于主动对照组。然而,我们没有发现任何证据表明,补充元认知程序比WM干预更能带来好处。尽管如此,我们得出的结论是,考虑到暂时的长期影响和参与者的积极反馈,我们的元认知计划是朝着正确的方向迈出的一步,但需要更多的纵向数据和更大的样本量来证实这些早期发现。
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Aging brain
Aging brain Neuroscience (General), Geriatrics and Gerontology
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