{"title":"Complexity analysis of quantum teleportation via different entangled channels in the presence of noise","authors":"Deepak Singh, Sanjeev Kumar, Bikash K. Behera","doi":"10.1049/qtc2.12048","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantum communication is an integral part of quantum computing, where teleportation of a quantum state has gained significant attention from researchers. Many teleportation schemes have been introduced in the recent past. In this study, the authors compare the teleportation of a single-qubit message among different entangled channels such as the two-qubit Bell channel, three-qubit GHZ channel, two/three-qubit cluster states, a highly entangled five-qubit state (Brown et al.) and the six-qubit state (Borras et al.). The authors calculate and compare the quantum costs for these channels. The authors also study the effects of six noise models: bit-flip noise, phase-flip noise, bit-phase-flip noise, amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising error. These noise models may affect the communication channel used for teleportation. An investigation of the variation of the initial state's fidelity is performed for the teleported state in the presence of the noise model. It is observed that the fidelity decreases in all the entangled channels as the noise parameter <i>η</i> increases in the range [0, 0.5] for all the noise models. The fidelity shows an upward trend in the Bell, GHZ and three-qubit cluster state channels, as <i>η</i> varies in the range [0.5, 1.0] for all the noise models. However, in the rest of the three channels, the fidelity substantially decreases in the case of amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising noise, and even it reaches zero for <i>η</i> = 1 in Brown et al. and Borras et al. channels.</p>","PeriodicalId":100651,"journal":{"name":"IET Quantum Communication","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/qtc2.12048","citationCount":"6","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IET Quantum Communication","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/qtc2.12048","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"QUANTUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Abstract
Quantum communication is an integral part of quantum computing, where teleportation of a quantum state has gained significant attention from researchers. Many teleportation schemes have been introduced in the recent past. In this study, the authors compare the teleportation of a single-qubit message among different entangled channels such as the two-qubit Bell channel, three-qubit GHZ channel, two/three-qubit cluster states, a highly entangled five-qubit state (Brown et al.) and the six-qubit state (Borras et al.). The authors calculate and compare the quantum costs for these channels. The authors also study the effects of six noise models: bit-flip noise, phase-flip noise, bit-phase-flip noise, amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising error. These noise models may affect the communication channel used for teleportation. An investigation of the variation of the initial state's fidelity is performed for the teleported state in the presence of the noise model. It is observed that the fidelity decreases in all the entangled channels as the noise parameter η increases in the range [0, 0.5] for all the noise models. The fidelity shows an upward trend in the Bell, GHZ and three-qubit cluster state channels, as η varies in the range [0.5, 1.0] for all the noise models. However, in the rest of the three channels, the fidelity substantially decreases in the case of amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising noise, and even it reaches zero for η = 1 in Brown et al. and Borras et al. channels.
量子通信是量子计算的一个组成部分,量子态的隐形传态受到了研究人员的极大关注。最近引入了许多隐形传送方案。在这项研究中,作者比较了单个量子位消息在不同纠缠通道之间的隐形传态,如两个量子位Bell通道、三个量子位GHZ通道、两个/三个量子位簇态、高度纠缠的五个量子位数态(Brown et al.)和六个量子位数态(Borras et al.)。作者计算并比较了这些通道的量子成本。作者还研究了六种噪声模型的影响:比特翻转噪声、相位翻转噪声、比特相位翻转噪声,振幅阻尼、相位阻尼和去极化误差。这些噪声模型可能会影响用于传送的通信信道。在存在噪声模型的情况下,对隐形传态的初始状态保真度的变化进行了研究。观察到,对于所有噪声模型,随着噪声参数η在[0,0.5]范围内的增加,所有纠缠信道的保真度都会降低。在Bell、GHZ和三个量子位簇态通道中,保真度呈上升趋势,因为所有噪声模型的η在[0.5,1.0]范围内变化。然而,在其余三个通道中,在振幅阻尼、相位阻尼和去极化噪声的情况下,保真度显著降低,甚至在Brown等人。Borras等人。通道。