Complexity analysis of quantum teleportation via different entangled channels in the presence of noise

Abstract

Quantum communication is an integral part of quantum computing, where teleportation of a quantum state has gained significant attention from researchers. Many teleportation schemes have been introduced in the recent past. In this study, the authors compare the teleportation of a single-qubit message among different entangled channels such as the two-qubit Bell channel, three-qubit GHZ channel, two/three-qubit cluster states, a highly entangled five-qubit state (Brown et al.) and the six-qubit state (Borras et al.). The authors calculate and compare the quantum costs for these channels. The authors also study the effects of six noise models: bit-flip noise, phase-flip noise, bit-phase-flip noise, amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising error. These noise models may affect the communication channel used for teleportation. An investigation of the variation of the initial state's fidelity is performed for the teleported state in the presence of the noise model. It is observed that the fidelity decreases in all the entangled channels as the noise parameter η increases in the range [0, 0.5] for all the noise models. The fidelity shows an upward trend in the Bell, GHZ and three-qubit cluster state channels, as η varies in the range [0.5, 1.0] for all the noise models. However, in the rest of the three channels, the fidelity substantially decreases in the case of amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising noise, and even it reaches zero for η = 1 in Brown et al. and Borras et al. channels.