Understanding the role of inflammation in sensorineural hearing loss: Current goals and future prospects

Brain-X Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI:10.1002/brx2.34
Liling Li, Dan Chen, Xuexin Lin, Jia Luo, Jingqian Tan, Peng Li
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Abstract

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a common otologic condition caused by damage to hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons that affects transmission pathways. Most of these cells cannot be regenerated, and there has been no breakthrough in regeneration techniques for inner ear cells. SNHL has a high incidence rate and can cause a variety of clinical symptoms, greatly impacting people's daily lives. With limited clinical treatments, the search for critical targets is urgent. Studies have shown that inflammation is prevalent in the pathogenesis of SNHL and plays a significant role in it. Inflammation is a normal body defense response, and a systemic anti-inflammatory approach is undesirable. It is crucial for us to identify potential targets of inflammation in SNHL and take measures specifically targeting those targets with minimal systemic impact. This paper firstly describes the role of inflammation in various types of SNHL and then provides an overview of the interactions between inflammation and cochlear immunity, cochlear microcirculation, vascular spasm, and glutamate metabolism and finally comprehensively examines the feasibility of targets in these interactions. This paper is expected to facilitate the development of targeted anti-inflammation for SNHL and provide strategies and approaches for treating clinical SNHL.

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了解炎症在感音神经性听力损失中的作用:当前目标和未来展望
感觉神经性听力损失(SNHL)是一种常见的耳科疾病,由影响传播途径的毛细胞和螺旋神经节神经元损伤引起。这些细胞中的大多数不能再生,内耳细胞的再生技术也没有突破。SNHL发病率高,可引起多种临床症状,极大地影响人们的日常生活。由于临床治疗有限,迫切需要寻找关键靶点。研究表明,炎症在SNHL的发病机制中普遍存在,并在其中发挥着重要作用。炎症是一种正常的身体防御反应,系统抗炎方法是不可取的。至关重要的是,我们要确定SNHL中潜在的炎症靶点,并采取措施专门针对那些对系统影响最小的靶点。本文首先描述了炎症在各种类型SNHL中的作用,然后概述了炎症与耳蜗免疫、耳蜗微循环、血管痉挛和谷氨酸代谢之间的相互作用,最后全面考察了这些相互作用中靶点的可行性。本文有望促进SNHL靶向抗炎药的开发,并为临床治疗SNHL提供策略和方法。
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