Nanomedicines for Alzheimer's disease: Therapies based on pathological mechanisms

Brain-X Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI:10.1002/brx2.27
Guowang Cheng, Aihua Xie, Zhao Yan, Xiaozhen Zhu, Yafang Song, Tongkai Chen
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Because of the complex pathogenesis of AD and the unique location of AD lesions, effective clinical treatment strategies for this disease remain elusive. However, the development of nanotechnology has allowed a new era of AD treatment to emerge. AD nanomedicines are products of interdisciplinary research that enable high precision and targeted delivery. Additionally, they can specifically regulate various pathogenic factors. This review focuses on nanomedicines based on the pathological mechanisms of AD that can target AD lesions. We also discuss the precise regulatory effects of nanomedicines (including the nanomaterials themselves) on pathogenic proteins, neuroinflammatory molecules, and other pathogenic factors. We summarize the clinical trials that have examined new AD drugs, highlighting the development of new nanomedicines and the progress in their clinical translation. Nanotechnology-based AD treatment is a nascent field, and a complete cure is distant at present; therefore, we also elaborate on the shortcomings of current AD nanomedicines. Finally, we discuss the prospects to guide the future development of AD nanomedicines.

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纳米药物治疗阿尔茨海默病:基于病理机制的治疗
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是世界范围内最常见的神经退行性疾病。由于AD的发病机制复杂,病变位置独特,因此该疾病的有效临床治疗策略仍然难以捉摸。然而,纳米技术的发展使AD治疗的新时代出现了。AD纳米药物是跨学科研究的产物,能够实现高精度和靶向递送。此外,它们还可以特异性调节各种致病因素。这篇综述的重点是基于AD病理机制的纳米药物,这些药物可以靶向AD病变。我们还讨论了纳米药物(包括纳米材料本身)对致病蛋白、神经炎症分子和其他致病因素的精确调节作用。我们总结了检测新型AD药物的临床试验,重点介绍了新型纳米药物的开发及其临床转化的进展。基于纳米技术的AD治疗是一个新兴领域,目前完全治愈还很遥远;因此,我们也阐述了目前AD纳米药物的不足。最后,对AD纳米药物的发展前景进行了展望。
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