Causal Mediation Analysis for an Ordinal Outcome with Multiple Mediators

IF 2.5 2区 心理学 Q2 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI:10.1080/10705511.2022.2148674
Yuejin Zhou, Wenwu Wang, Tao Hu, Tiejun Tong, Zhonghua Liu
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Abstract

Causal mediation analysis is a popular approach for investigating whether the effect of an exposure on an outcome is through a mediator to better understand the underlying causal mechanism. In recent literature, mediation analysis with multiple mediators has been proposed for continuous and dichotomous outcomes. In contrast, methods for mediation analysis for an ordinal outcome are still underdeveloped. In this paper, we first review mediation analysis methods with a continuous mediator for an ordinal outcome and then develop mediation analysis with a binary mediator for an ordinal outcome. We further consider multiple mediators for an ordinal outcome in the counterfactual framework and provide identification assumptions for identifying the mediation effects. Under the identification assumptions, we propose a regression-based method to estimate the mediation effects through multiple mediators while allowing the presence of exposure-mediator interactions. The closed-form expressions of mediation effects are also obtained for three scenarios: multiple continuous mediators, multiple binary mediators, and multiple mixed mediators. We conduct simulation studies to assess the finite sample performance of our new methods and present the biases, standard errors, and confidence intervals to demonstrate that our proposed estimators perform well in a wide range of practical settings. Finally, we apply our proposed methods to assess the mediation effects of candidate DNA methylation CpG sites in the causal pathway from socioeconomic index to body mass index.

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多重中介对有序结果的因果中介分析
摘要因果中介分析是一种流行的方法,用于研究暴露对结果的影响是否通过中介来更好地理解潜在的因果机制。在最近的文献中,已经提出了对连续和二分类结果的多重中介分析。相比之下,对有序结果的中介分析方法仍然不发达。在本文中,我们首先回顾了具有连续中介的有序结果的中介分析方法,然后发展了具有二元中介的有序结果的中介分析。我们进一步考虑了反事实框架中有序结果的多个中介,并提供了识别中介效应的识别假设。在识别假设下,我们提出了一种基于回归的方法,在允许暴露-中介相互作用存在的情况下,通过多个中介来估计中介效应。在多个连续介质、多个二元介质和多个混合介质三种情况下,得到了中介效应的封闭表达式。我们进行模拟研究,以评估我们的新方法的有限样本性能,并提出偏差,标准误差和置信区间,以证明我们提出的估计器在广泛的实际设置中表现良好。最后,我们应用我们提出的方法来评估候选DNA甲基化CpG位点在社会经济指数到体重指数因果通路中的中介作用。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
11.70%
发文量
71
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal publishes refereed scholarly work from all academic disciplines interested in structural equation modeling. These disciplines include, but are not limited to, psychology, medicine, sociology, education, political science, economics, management, and business/marketing. Theoretical articles address new developments; applied articles deal with innovative structural equation modeling applications; the Teacher’s Corner provides instructional modules on aspects of structural equation modeling; book and software reviews examine new modeling information and techniques; and advertising alerts readers to new products. Comments on technical or substantive issues addressed in articles or reviews published in the journal are encouraged; comments are reviewed, and authors of the original works are invited to respond.
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