Is palatal rugae a specific marker of dysmorphogenesis in patients with schizophrenia?

IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY European Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100230
O. Oflezer , C. Oflezer , Z.D. Gürbüz , H. Bahadir , Ö.E. Çiçek , E. Kurt
{"title":"Is palatal rugae a specific marker of dysmorphogenesis in patients with schizophrenia?","authors":"O. Oflezer ,&nbsp;C. Oflezer ,&nbsp;Z.D. Gürbüz ,&nbsp;H. Bahadir ,&nbsp;Ö.E. Çiçek ,&nbsp;E. Kurt","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100230","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><p><span>Supporting the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia, minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are markers of abnormalities in early fetal development. The mouth seems to be a common region for the occurrence of MPAs </span>in patients<span><span> with schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare the palatal rugae patterns, according to their length, shape, and orientation, between patients with schizophrenia and controls in a blinded fashion. The palatal rugae patterns were also evaluated by sex, as its effect on </span>neurodevelopment was relevant.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Dental stone models were fabricated from maxilla impressions of patients with schizophrenia (</span><em>N</em> = 105) and controls (<em>N</em> = 105). Based on their lengths, three types of palatal rugae were classified; primary, secondary, and fragmentary. Primary rugae were further categorized according to their shape and direction.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The most detected palatal rugae were the primary ones in both groups. The primary, secondary, and fragmentary rugae numbers in both groups were no different. There were significant differences in the shape and orientation of the primary rugae between the two groups. Curved (OR:1.76, <em>p</em> = 0.006), island (OR:2.97, <em>p</em> = 0.001) and nonspecific (OR:5.44, <em>p</em> = 0.004) primary rugae shape were found to be significant predictive variables for schizophrenia. Randomly oriented rugae numbers were higher in schizophrenics than controls (<em>p</em> = 0.018). The two sexes had different preferences in primary rugae shapes and directions compared to same-sex controls in patients with schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Identifying subtle changes in the primary rugae pattern, which appear to be sex-specific, is consistent with impaired neurodevelopment in schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Journal of Psychiatry","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213616323000435","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PSYCHIATRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and Objectives

Supporting the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia, minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are markers of abnormalities in early fetal development. The mouth seems to be a common region for the occurrence of MPAs in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare the palatal rugae patterns, according to their length, shape, and orientation, between patients with schizophrenia and controls in a blinded fashion. The palatal rugae patterns were also evaluated by sex, as its effect on neurodevelopment was relevant.

Methods

Dental stone models were fabricated from maxilla impressions of patients with schizophrenia (N = 105) and controls (N = 105). Based on their lengths, three types of palatal rugae were classified; primary, secondary, and fragmentary. Primary rugae were further categorized according to their shape and direction.

Results

The most detected palatal rugae were the primary ones in both groups. The primary, secondary, and fragmentary rugae numbers in both groups were no different. There were significant differences in the shape and orientation of the primary rugae between the two groups. Curved (OR:1.76, p = 0.006), island (OR:2.97, p = 0.001) and nonspecific (OR:5.44, p = 0.004) primary rugae shape were found to be significant predictive variables for schizophrenia. Randomly oriented rugae numbers were higher in schizophrenics than controls (p = 0.018). The two sexes had different preferences in primary rugae shapes and directions compared to same-sex controls in patients with schizophrenia.

Conclusion

Identifying subtle changes in the primary rugae pattern, which appear to be sex-specific, is consistent with impaired neurodevelopment in schizophrenia.

查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
腭皱是精神分裂症患者畸形发生的特异性标志物吗?
背景和目的支持精神分裂症的神经发育模型,轻微身体异常(MPAs)是胎儿早期发育异常的标志。口腔似乎是精神分裂症患者MPA发生的常见区域。本研究旨在以盲法比较精神分裂症患者和对照组的腭嵴模式,根据其长度、形状和方向。腭嵴的形态也通过性别来评估,因为它对神经发育的影响是相关的。方法用精神分裂症患者(N=105)和对照组(N=105,N=105)的上颌骨印模制作牙石模型。根据其长度,将腭嵴分为三种类型;原生的、次生的和零碎的。初级皱纹根据其形状和方向进一步分类。结果两组中腭嵴检出率最高的是原发性腭嵴。两组的原发性、继发性和碎片状皱纹数量没有差异。两组间原发性皱纹的形状和方向存在显著差异。弯曲(OR:1.76,p=0.006)、岛状(OR:2.97,p=0.001)和非特异性(OR:5.44,p=0.004)原发性皱纹形状被发现是精神分裂症的重要预测变量。精神分裂症患者随机取向的皱纹数量高于对照组(p=0.018)。与精神分裂症的同性对照组相比,两性对原发性皱纹的形状和方向有不同的偏好。结论识别原发性皱纹模式的细微变化,似乎是性别特异性的,与精神分裂症的神经发育受损一致。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
40
审稿时长
43 days
期刊介绍: The European journal of psychiatry is a quarterly publication founded in 1986 and directed by Professor Seva until his death in 2004. It was originally intended to report “the scientific activity of European psychiatrists” and “to bring about a greater degree of communication” among them. However, “since scientific knowledge has no geographical or cultural boundaries, is open to contributions from all over the world”. These principles are maintained in the new stage of the journal, now expanded with the help of an American editor.
期刊最新文献
Psychopathological and cardiometabolic efficacy of a nutritional education intervention based on symbiotics in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Two-arm Randomised Clinical Trial Is it possible to circumnavigate the APIcalypse? On challenges to study mental health in the age of digitalization and AI An expert Delphi consensus for the characteristics of an ideal clozapine-specific side effect scale Psychotherapy training in psychiatry residencies: A review of trainees’ perspectives Exploring direct experience as a core element behind mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1