A proto-Normal Star Almanac dating to the reign of Artaxerxes III: BM 65156

IF 0.7 2区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI:10.1007/s00407-019-00246-8
John Steele
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Abstract

Babylonian methods for predicting planetary phenomena using the so-called goal-year periods are well known. Texts known as Goal-Year Texts contain collections of the observational data needed to make predictions for a given year. The predictions were then recorded in Normal Star Almanacs and Almanacs. Large numbers of Goal-Year Texts, Normal Star Almanacs and Almanacs are attested from the early third century BC onward. A small number of texts dating from before the third century present procedures for using the goal-year periods to predict planetary phenomena. In addition, two texts, one dating to the late sixth century BC and the other to the late fifth century BC, contain planetary data which was probably predicted using these methods. In this article, I discuss a further example of a tablet dating from before the third century BC which contains planetary data predicted using the goal-year periods. I show that the planetary phenomena contained in this tablet can be dated to the twelfth year of the reign of Artaxerxes III (347/6 BC) and that they were predicted using goal-year periods without the application of the kind of corrections which were used in the third century BC texts in order to produce more accurate predictions.

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阿尔塔薛西斯三世统治时期的原始恒星年鉴:BM 65156
利用所谓的目标年周期预测行星现象的巴比伦方法是众所周知的。被称为“目标年文本”的文本包含对给定年份进行预测所需的观测数据的集合。这些预测随后被记录在《正常恒星年鉴》和《年鉴》中。从公元前三世纪初开始,大量的目标年文本、普通恒星年鉴和年鉴都得到了证实。三世纪以前的少量文本介绍了使用目标年周期预测行星现象的程序。此外,两个文本,一个可追溯到公元前六世纪末,另一个可回溯到公元前五世纪末,包含了可能使用这些方法预测的行星数据。在这篇文章中,我讨论了公元前三世纪之前的一块平板电脑的另一个例子,它包含了使用目标年份预测的行星数据。我证明,这块石碑中包含的行星现象可以追溯到阿尔塔薛西斯三世统治的第十二年(公元前347/6年),并且它们是使用目标年周期预测的,而没有应用公元前三世纪文本中为了产生更准确的预测而使用的那种修正。
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来源期刊
Archive for History of Exact Sciences
Archive for History of Exact Sciences 管理科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
20.00%
发文量
16
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Archive for History of Exact Sciences casts light upon the conceptual groundwork of the sciences by analyzing the historical course of rigorous quantitative thought and the precise theory of nature in the fields of mathematics, physics, technical chemistry, computer science, astronomy, and the biological sciences, embracing as well their connections to experiment. This journal nourishes historical research meeting the standards of the mathematical sciences. Its aim is to give rapid and full publication to writings of exceptional depth, scope, and permanence.
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