Particulate matter concentrations and characterization in urban subway system-case study Tehran, Iran

IF 3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2022-10-27 DOI:10.1007/s40201-022-00838-7

Mahya Parchami, Majid Shafiepour Motlagh, Alireza Pardakhti

{"title":"Particulate matter concentrations and characterization in urban subway system-case study Tehran, Iran","authors":"Mahya Parchami, Majid Shafiepour Motlagh, Alireza Pardakhti","doi":"10.1007/s40201-022-00838-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract\n</h2><div>The present work aims to evaluate the indoor and outdoor air quality in the stations of the Tehran subway system. In this study, the particulate sampling of the four Tehran subway stations was conducted in March-July 2018 during different seasons to determine indoor and outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations and elemental composition. The samples were analyzed to determine 11 elements such as Pb(Lead), Cd(Cadmium), Ni(Nickel), Co(Cobalt), Mn(Manganese), Zn(Zink), Fe(Iron), Cu(Copper), As(Arsenic), Al(Aluminum) and Cr(Chromium) qualitatively. The experimental results indicated that the average concentrations of both PM10 and PM2.5 in indoor stations (platforms) were approximately 2–5 times higher than those in the outdoors (ambient air). In addition, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the daily-standard values (US-EPA; PM10 = 50 µg.m-3, PM2.5 = 25 µg.m-3) in 100% indoor measurements and 84% outdoor measurements. Moreover, the average indoor PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in weekday values were 1.4 and 1.5 times higher than those measured on weekends, which may be related to the lower frequency of trains. Further, indoor and outdoor correlation of PM10 concentrations (Pearson r = 0.6) was more than that of PM2.5 concentrations (Pearson r = 0.2), indicating the additional sources for PM2.5 in indoor stations. Additionally, the average PM2.5 / PM10 ratio was 0.52 for indoor measurements and 0.34 for outdoors, indicating that PM10 particles were the dominant particle type in both sampling areas and passengers in indoor stations exposed to higher PM2.5 concentrations than those in outdoor stations. Finally, based on elemental analysis, Fe was the most enriched element in indoor and outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 samples. The concentration of Fe ranged from 16 to 81 µg.m-3 in indoor stations and 0.6 to 2.5 µg.m-3 in outdoors. Other enriched elements were Al, Cu, Zn, and Mn, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering","volume":"20 2","pages":"953 - 962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40201-022-00838-7.pdf","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40201-022-00838-7","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Abstract

The present work aims to evaluate the indoor and outdoor air quality in the stations of the Tehran subway system. In this study, the particulate sampling of the four Tehran subway stations was conducted in March-July 2018 during different seasons to determine indoor and outdoor PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations and elemental composition. The samples were analyzed to determine 11 elements such as Pb(Lead), Cd(Cadmium), Ni(Nickel), Co(Cobalt), Mn(Manganese), Zn(Zink), Fe(Iron), Cu(Copper), As(Arsenic), Al(Aluminum) and Cr(Chromium) qualitatively. The experimental results indicated that the average concentrations of both PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in indoor stations (platforms) were approximately 2–5 times higher than those in the outdoors (ambient air). In addition, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations exceeded the daily-standard values (US-EPA; PM₁₀ = 50 µg.m^-3, PM_2.5 = 25 µg.m^-3) in 100% indoor measurements and 84% outdoor measurements. Moreover, the average indoor PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations in weekday values were 1.4 and 1.5 times higher than those measured on weekends, which may be related to the lower frequency of trains. Further, indoor and outdoor correlation of PM₁₀ concentrations (Pearson r = 0.6) was more than that of PM_2.5 concentrations (Pearson r = 0.2), indicating the additional sources for PM_2.5 in indoor stations. Additionally, the average PM_2.5 / PM₁₀ ratio was 0.52 for indoor measurements and 0.34 for outdoors, indicating that PM₁₀ particles were the dominant particle type in both sampling areas and passengers in indoor stations exposed to higher PM_2.5 concentrations than those in outdoor stations. Finally, based on elemental analysis, Fe was the most enriched element in indoor and outdoor PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 samples. The concentration of Fe ranged from 16 to 81 µg.m^-3in indoor stations and 0.6 to 2.5 µg.m^-3 in outdoors. Other enriched elements were Al, Cu, Zn, and Mn, respectively.

Abstract Image

查看原文

微信好友朋友圈 QQ好友复制链接

本刊更多论文

城市地铁系统中的颗粒物浓度和特征——以伊朗德黑兰为例

摘要本文旨在对德黑兰地铁系统各车站的室内和室外空气质量进行评价。本研究于2018年3月至7月在不同季节对德黑兰四个地铁站进行了颗粒物采样，以确定室内和室外PM10和PM2.5浓度和元素组成。对样品进行了Pb(铅)、Cd(镉)、Ni(镍)、Co(钴)、Mn(锰)、Zn(锌)、Fe(铁)、Cu(铜)、as(砷)、Al(铝)、Cr(铬)等11种元素的定性分析。实验结果表明，室内站(台)PM10和PM2.5的平均浓度约为室外(环境空气)的2-5倍。此外，PM10和PM2.5浓度超过日标准值(US-EPA;PM10 = 50µg。在100%的室内测量和84%的室外测量中，PM2.5 = 25µg - m-3。此外，工作日室内PM10和PM2.5的平均浓度是周末的1.4倍和1.5倍，这可能与火车频率较低有关。PM10浓度的室内外相关性(Pearson r = 0.6)大于PM2.5浓度的室内外相关性(Pearson r = 0.2)，说明室内站存在PM2.5的附加源。此外，室内测量的PM2.5 / PM10平均值为0.52，室外测量的PM2.5 / PM10平均值为0.34，表明PM2.5浓度高于室外站点的室内站点的采样区域和乘客中，PM10颗粒都是主要颗粒类型。最后，根据元素分析，Fe是室内和室外PM10和PM2.5样品中富集最多的元素。铁的浓度范围为16 ~ 81µg。M-3在室内站和0.6至2.5µg。室外M-3。其他富集元素分别为Al、Cu、Zn和Mn。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文去求助

来源期刊

Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

2.90%

发文量

期刊介绍： Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering is a peer-reviewed journal presenting timely research on all aspects of environmental health science, engineering and management. A broad outline of the journal''s scope includes: -Water pollution and treatment -Wastewater treatment and reuse -Air control -Soil remediation -Noise and radiation control -Environmental biotechnology and nanotechnology -Food safety and hygiene