Synthesis of nanocellulose for the removal of naphthalene from simulated wastewater

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are one among the strenuous problems of indemnity of hydrosphere brought on by the unintended release of refractory chemicals into the environment. Naphthalene has been removed from aqueous solution using various adsorbents, such as activated carbon, graphene oxide, etc in yesteryears. This study describes the synthesis of nanocellulose from rice husk and its application for the removal of naphthalene from simulated wastewater. To characterize the synthesized nanocellulose, SEM, TEM, BET, FTIR, XRD, zeta potential, AFM, TGA, DSC, and EDX techniques were used. The nanocellulose surface area was 1.152 m² g⁻¹. The experiments were conducted in batch mode to investigate the impact of various operating conditions on naphthalene adsorption. Maximum removal of naphthalene was at pH 2 within 150 min. The experimental data were subjected to various models, viz., thermodynamic, kinetic, and isotherm models. Error analysis confirmed that the pseudo second-order equation and Langmuir model fitted well to the experimental data. The maximum removal of the naphthalene was ~80%. The desorption and reusability efficiency of nanocellulose was also evaluated. According to this study, nanocellulose has a higher potential for naphthalene removal due to the presence of active sites.