Post-renal transplant plasma cell dyscrasia presenting as retroperitoneal plasmacytoma: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of organ transplanta-tion. Most cases of PTLD represent Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-related B-cell disease in a setting of pharmacological immunosuppression. Post-transplant plasma cell dyscrasia is very rare, and post-transplant plasma cell dyscrasia with extramedullary plasmacytoma is extremely rare. We report here a case of the latter, which to our knowledge is the fourth such reported case in the English literature. A 22-year-old man developed post-transplant plasma cell dyscrasia 20 years after a renal transplant while on immunosuppression. His presentation included retroperitoneal plasmacytoma, which is very rare and is probably the first case in a renal transplant patient. The patient is in complete remission 1 year after receiving five cycles of bortezomib and dexamethasone.