Spatial selectivity by shaping the static field: sweet spots and spider legs

Abstract

There is increasing interest in spatially localized NMR, such as low-cost NMR devices for organ-specific measurements, possibly with single-sided magnets. One method for obtaining spatial selectivity (to restrict the results to a specific organ) is to shape the static field, so that spins outside the central “sweet spot” are off-resonance and can be filtered out from the detected signal. However, the laws of magnetostatics dictate that the central sweet region will have “spider leg” extensions (extending outward from the center) where the field strength is unchanged from the central region. We address here the relative volumes of the central region and spider legs. We consider shaped fields of cylindrical symmetry of various orders n, where n reflects the leading term in field variation along the symmetry axis (that is, Zⁿ). We find that this method of localization is unsuitable with low-order fields (2nd and 3rd orders), with a non-convergent fraction of volume in the spider legs. In these low-n cases, localization needs to be aided by a limited volume of rf field and/or by diffusion damping of echoes in regions of strong gradients. However, the fraction of volume residing in the spider legs becomes limited with higher-order fields, providing better localization. Results are also presented for two-dimensional fields.