Hydrodynamic studies on inverse gas—liquid—solid fluidization

Abstract

Downward (inverse) fluidization can be achieved when the density of the particles is less than that of the liquid and the liquid is the continuous phase. This technique is mainly used in biochemical engineering operations, e.g. for fermentation and waste water treatment. Experiments were conducted to study the hydrodynamics of inverse gas—liquid—solid fluidized beds using very light particles. The experimental data for the minimum liquid velocity at the onset of fluidization are correlated in terms of the physical properties of the fluids, particle characteristics and system variables. A correlation for the friction factor is also proposed.