An outlet for Pacific mantle: The Caribbean Sea?

GeoResJ Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.grj.2015.06.001
Rainer Nerlich , Stuart R. Clark , Hans-Peter Bunge
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

The Pacific Ocean is surrounded by subduction zone systems leading to a decreasing surface area as well as sub-surface mantle domain. In contrast, the Atlantic realm is characterized by passive margins and growing in size. To maintain global mass balance, the Caribbean and the Scotia Sea have been proposed as Pacific-to-Atlantic transfer channels for sub-lithospheric shallow mantle. We concentrate on the Caribbean here and test this idea by calculating the present-day regional dynamic topography in search of a gradual decrease from west to east that mirrors the pressure gradient due to the shrinkage of the Pacific. To calculate the dynamic topography, we isostatically correct the observed topography for sediments and crustal thickness variations, and compare the result with those predicted by lithospheric cooling models. The required age-grid was derived from our recently published reconstruction model. Our results confirm previous geochemical and shear-wave splitting studies and suggest some lateral asthenosphere flow away from the Galapagos hotspot. However, they also indicate that this flow is blocked in the Central Caribbean. This observation suggests that rather than through large scale Pacific-to-Atlantic shallow mantle flow, the global mass balance is maintained through some other process, possibly related to the deep mantle underneath Africa.

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太平洋地幔的出口:加勒比海?
太平洋被俯冲带系统所包围,导致其表面面积和次表面地幔域的减少。相比之下,大西洋领域的特点是被动的边缘和不断扩大的规模。为了维持全球物质平衡,加勒比海和斯科舍海被认为是岩石圈下浅层地幔从太平洋到大西洋的转移通道。我们在此集中讨论加勒比地区,并通过计算当今区域动态地形来验证这一想法,以寻找从西向东逐渐减少的压力梯度,这反映了太平洋收缩造成的压力梯度。为了计算动力地形,我们对观测到的地形进行了均衡校正,以适应沉积物和地壳厚度的变化,并将结果与岩石圈冷却模型的预测结果进行了比较。所需的年龄网格来源于我们最近发布的重建模型。我们的研究结果证实了之前的地球化学和横波分裂研究,并表明一些横向软流层流动离开了加拉帕戈斯热点。然而,它们也表明这一流动在加勒比中部受阻。这一观察结果表明,全球物质平衡不是通过大规模的太平洋到大西洋的浅层地幔流动来维持的,而是通过其他一些过程来维持的,这些过程可能与非洲地下的深层地幔有关。
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