Nordic Cultural Baselines: Accounting for Domestic Convergence and Foreign Policy Divergence

IF 3.9 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis Pub Date : 2001-06-01 DOI:10.1080/13876980108412652
Gunnar Grendstad
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引用次数: 21

Abstract

The five Nordic countries converged remarkably when developing domestic institutions, but they diverged significantly when developing foreign policies. Grid-group theory prescribes four contending cultures—hierarchy, egalitarianism, individualism, and fatalism—and offers a basis for understanding the structure of political coalitions and conflicts. Surveys from the five Nordic countries measuring cultural baselines are used to estimate the degree of convergence and divergence. The countries converge with reference to high agreement with egalitarianism, individualism, and hierarchy, and disagreement with fatalism. This concords with the historically strong regime of social democracy in this region. The five countries diverge with reference to their foreign policy in that they polarize along two dimensions. To the east, there is increasing fatalism associated with countries not being members of NATO; to the north, there is increasing egalitarianism associated with countries not being members of the European Union. Given the importance of popular support through referenda, an eventual accession of Norway and Iceland to the EU cannot happen unless egalitarianism diminishes among their publics.
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北欧文化基线:国内趋同与外交政策分歧的解释
这五个北欧国家在发展国内制度方面有显著的趋同,但在发展外交政策方面却有显著的分歧。网格群体理论规定了四种相互竞争的文化——等级制度、平等主义、个人主义和宿命论——并为理解政治联盟和冲突的结构提供了基础。来自五个北欧国家的测量文化基线的调查被用来估计趋同和分化的程度。这些国家在高度认同平等主义、个人主义和等级制度,而不认同宿命论方面趋于一致。这符合该地区历史上强大的社会民主制度。这五个国家在外交政策方面存在分歧,因为它们在两个方面出现了两极分化。在东方,越来越多的国家与非北约成员国联系在一起;在欧洲北部,与非欧盟成员国相关的平均主义日益加剧。考虑到通过全民公决获得民众支持的重要性,除非挪威和冰岛民众的平均主义意识减弱,否则它们不可能最终加入欧盟。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
6.10%
发文量
22
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