Multisensory processes in the synaesthetic brain — An event-related potential study in multisensory competition situations

J. Neufeld, C. Sinke, Daniel Wiswede, H. Emrich, S. Bleich, G. Szycik
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Abstract

In synaesthesia certain external stimuli (e.g., music) trigger automatically internally generated sensations (e.g., colour). Results of behavioural investigations indicate that multisensory processing works differently in synaesthetes. However, the reasons for these differences and the underlying neural correlates remain unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate if synaesthetes show differences in electrophysiological components of multimodal processing. Further we wanted to test synaesthetes for an enhanced distractor filtering ability in multimodal situations. Therefore, line drawings of animals and objects were presented to participants, either with congruent (typical sound for presented picture, e.g., picture of bird together with chirp), incongruent (picture of bird together with gun shot) or without simultaneous auditory stimulation. 14 synaesthetes (auditory–visual and grapheme-colour synaesthetes) and 13 controls participated in the study. We found differences in the event-related potentials between synaesthetes and controls, indicating an altered multisensory processing of bimodal stimuli in synaesthetes in competition situations. These differences were especially found over frontal brain sites. An interaction effect between group (synaesthetes vs. controls) and stimulation (unimodal visual vs. congruent multimodal) could not be detected. Therefore we conclude that multisensory processing works in general similar in synaesthetes and controls and that only specifically integration processes in multisensory competition situations are altered in synaesthetes.
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联觉脑中的多感觉过程——多感觉竞争情境下的事件相关电位研究
在联觉中,某些外部刺激(如音乐)会自动触发内部产生的感觉(如颜色)。行为研究结果表明,联觉者的多感觉处理工作方式不同。然而,造成这些差异的原因和潜在的神经关联尚不清楚。当前研究的目的是调查联觉者是否在多模态处理的电生理成分上表现出差异。进一步,我们想测试联觉者在多模态情况下对干扰物过滤能力的增强。因此,向参与者展示动物和物体的线条图,要么是一致的(所呈现的图片的典型声音,例如鸟的照片和啾啾声),要么是不一致的(鸟的照片和枪声),要么是没有同时的听觉刺激。14名联觉者(听觉-视觉联觉者和文字-颜色联觉者)和13名对照者参加了这项研究。我们发现联觉者和对照组在事件相关电位上存在差异,这表明在竞争情境下,联觉者对双峰刺激的多感觉处理发生了改变。这些差异在大脑额叶部位尤为明显。组(联觉者vs.对照组)和刺激(单峰视觉vs.同峰多峰)之间的相互作用效应无法检测到。因此,我们得出结论,在联觉者和控制者中,多感觉加工的工作原理是相似的,只有在多感觉竞争情况下的整合过程在联觉者中才会发生改变。
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Seeing and Perceiving
Seeing and Perceiving BIOPHYSICS-PSYCHOLOGY
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