{"title":"Grand Challenges in US science policy attempt policy innovation","authors":"D. Hicks","doi":"10.1504/IJFIP.2016.078379","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the historical development of the Grand Challenges concept in US science policy. The concept originated in advocacy for funding for high-performance computing and was enshrined in the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's Grand Challenges in Global Health programme marked a second milestone in the application of the concept to US science funding. The National Academy of Engineering's Grand Challenges in Engineering followed in 2008. Most recently, the White House has pursued programmes under the Grand Challenges rubric. The history of these varied initiatives spanning 40 years is examined here to identify core elements and continuity as well as to explore the relationship between innovation and tradition in US Science Policy.","PeriodicalId":35015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy","volume":"11 1","pages":"22-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2016-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJFIP.2016.078379","citationCount":"29","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFIP.2016.078379","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Business, Management and Accounting","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Abstract
This paper investigates the historical development of the Grand Challenges concept in US science policy. The concept originated in advocacy for funding for high-performance computing and was enshrined in the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's Grand Challenges in Global Health programme marked a second milestone in the application of the concept to US science funding. The National Academy of Engineering's Grand Challenges in Engineering followed in 2008. Most recently, the White House has pursued programmes under the Grand Challenges rubric. The history of these varied initiatives spanning 40 years is examined here to identify core elements and continuity as well as to explore the relationship between innovation and tradition in US Science Policy.
期刊介绍：
The IJFIP has been established as a peer reviewed, international authoritative reference in the field. It publishes high calibre academic articles dealing with knowledge creation, diffusion and utilisation in innovation policy. The journal thus covers all types of Strategic Intelligence (SI). SI is defined as the set of actions that search, process, diffuse and protect information in order to make it available to the right person at the right time in order to make the right decision. Examples of SI in the domain of innovation include Foresight, Forecasting, Delphi studies, Technology Assessment, Benchmarking, R&D evaluation and Technology Roadmapping.
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