Mechanisms of Myocardial Stunning in Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy*

Abstract

Stress-induced cardiomyopathy, in contrast to acute myocardial infarction, is a type of acute heart failure characterizedby reversible left ventricular dysfunction. Cardiac imaging primarily reveals left ventricle myocardial stunning, 81.7%of which is apical type. Emotional or psychological stress usually precedes the onset of stress-induced cardiomyopathy,which is increasingly being recognized as a unique neurogenic myocardial stunning disease. To distinguish betweenacute myocardial infarction and acute viral or auto-immune myocarditis, this review summarizes specific mechanismsof myocardial stunning in stress-induced cardiomyopathy, such as calcium disorders, metabolic alterations, anatomicaland histological variations in different parts of the left ventricle, and microvascular dysfunction.