{"title":"Fluoride in Polish drinking water and the possible risk of dental fluorosis","authors":"M. Borysewicz-Lewicka, J. Opydo-Szymaczek","doi":"10.15244/PJOES/60352","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The role of fluoride in dental caries prevention is well-documented. However, excessive fluoride exposure may have detrimental effects on human health. The first overt sign of chronic fluoride overdose is enamel fluorosis. The increasing prevalence of this condition has been observed recently due to widespread use of water fluoridation, dental cavity prevention products, and environmental pollution. Our review provides basic information regarding the sources of fluoride exposure in Poland, with special attention to drinking water as well as current Polish and European Union legislation on drinking water quality. The notion of infant formula reconstituted in fluoridated water as a risk factor for enamel fluorosis development is discussed. The implications of setting the upper limit of fluoride content in the drinking water at 1.5 mg/l were mentioned. The need for increasing knowledge about adverse effects of fluoride as well as the availability of data on fluoride content in the environment is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":20363,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2016-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"17","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15244/PJOES/60352","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Abstract
The role of fluoride in dental caries prevention is well-documented. However, excessive fluoride exposure may have detrimental effects on human health. The first overt sign of chronic fluoride overdose is enamel fluorosis. The increasing prevalence of this condition has been observed recently due to widespread use of water fluoridation, dental cavity prevention products, and environmental pollution. Our review provides basic information regarding the sources of fluoride exposure in Poland, with special attention to drinking water as well as current Polish and European Union legislation on drinking water quality. The notion of infant formula reconstituted in fluoridated water as a risk factor for enamel fluorosis development is discussed. The implications of setting the upper limit of fluoride content in the drinking water at 1.5 mg/l were mentioned. The need for increasing knowledge about adverse effects of fluoride as well as the availability of data on fluoride content in the environment is emphasized.
期刊介绍：
One of the most important challenges facing the contemporary scientific world are problems connected with environmental protection. Intensive development of industry and agriculture has led to a rise in living standards on one hand, but an increase in environmental degradation on the other. This degradation poses a direct threat to human health and life. Solving these ever-increasing problems which seriously endanger our civilization require the united efforts of scientists and field researchers of many branches.
The "Polish Journal of Environmental Studies" publishes original papers and critical reviews on the following subjects:
-Basic and applied environmental pollution research, including environmental engineering
-Pollution control of atmospheric, water (marine and fresh), soil and biological materials
-Determination of harmful substances, including their metabolic breakdown patterns
-Analytical methods for metabolic breakdown patterns or other chemical degradation patterns in the environment and in biological samples
-Development of new analytical methods, instruments and techniques for controlling pollutants
-Circulation of pollutants in the environment and their effect on living organisms
-Environmentally oriented catalysis
-Hazards to human health and safety
-Waste utilization and management
-Land reclamation
-Conference reports, scientific and technical reports and book reviews
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