LIBRA: an adaptative integrative tool for paired single-cell multi-omics data.

Abstract

There is a need for tools that integrate single-cell multi-omic data while addressing several integrative challenges simultaneously. To this end, we designed a deep-learning based tool LIBRA that performs competitively in both "integration" and "prediction" tasks based on single-cell multi-omics data. Furthermore, when assessing the predictive power across data modalities, LIBRA outperforms existing tools. LIBRA and its adaptive scheme aLIBRA, allow automatic fine-tuning for users with limited effort. Additionally, aLIBRA allows experienced users to implement custom configurations. The LIBRA toolbox is freely available as R and Python libraries.

Background: Single-cell multi-omics technologies allow a profound system-level biology understanding of cells and tissues. However, an integrative and possibly systems-based analysis capturing the different modalities is challenging. In response, bioinformatics and machine learning methodologies are being developed for multi-omics single-cell analysis. It is unclear whether current tools can address the dual aspect of modality integration and prediction across modalities without requiring extensive parameter fine-tuning.

Methods: We designed LIBRA, a neural network based framework, to learn translation between paired multi-omics profiles so that a shared latent space is constructed. Additionally, we implemented a variation, aLIBRA, that allows automatic fine-tuning by identifying parameter combinations that optimize both the integrative and predictive tasks. All model parameters and evaluation metrics are made available to users with minimal user iteration. Furthermore, aLIBRA allows experienced users to implement custom configurations. The LIBRA toolbox is freely available as R and Python libraries at GitHub (TranslationalBioinformaticsUnit/LIBRA).

Results: LIBRA was evaluated in eight multi-omic single-cell data-sets, including three combinations of omics. We observed that LIBRA is a state-of-the-art tool when evaluating the ability to increase cell-type (clustering) resolution in the integrated latent space. Furthermore, when assessing the predictive power across data modalities, such as predictive chromatin accessibility from gene expression, LIBRA outperforms existing tools. As expected, adaptive parameter optimization (aLIBRA) significantly boosted the performance of learning predictive models from paired data-sets.

Conclusion: LIBRA is a versatile tool that performs competitively in both "integration" and "prediction" tasks based on single-cell multi-omics data. LIBRA is a data-driven robust platform that includes an adaptive learning scheme.