Patterns of Antimicrobial and Multi Drug Resistance in E. coli and Salmonella Isolates of Commercial and Non-Commercial Poultry

Abstract

The extensive and abuse of antibiotics have contributed to the universal spread of antibiotic resistance (AR). Commercial poultry birds harbor more antibiotic-resistant microorganisms than the backyard chicken, but the status is not published in quails. This study was designed to investigate the status of AR microbiota in C0: backyard chickens, C1: commercial broiler, Q0: backyard/wild quails and Q1: commercial quails (n=20). Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella isolates from carcass and ceca of these chickens and quails were investigated for incidence and extent of AR using disk diffusion method. The results of overall microbiota of the experimental birds revealed that C1 showed a greater (P < 0.01) AR as compared with C0 for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, norfloxacin, oxytetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole, with about 57.39, 57.24, 38.78, 62.92, 36.51, 67.61, 55.83 and 55.68% greater incidence of AR, respectively. Similarly, Q1 also exhibited a greater (P < 0.01) AR than Q0 for these antibiotics, with about 65.59, 58.44, 54.38, 54.38, 55.68, 51.62, 54.87, and 64.93%, respectively. Moreover, the results of individual microbial numbers of both the pathogenic bacterial isolates from C1 and Q1 exhibited a higher (P < 0.01) AR for all tested antimicrobials than those isolated from C0 and Q0. Additionally, the E. coli and Salmonella isolates of C1 and Q1 were more (P < 0.05) multi drug resistant (MDR) as compared with C0 and Q0. Furthermore, the extent of AR was greater in E. coli and Salmonella isolates of C1 and Q1 in contrast to those of C0 and Q0. Finally, C1 and Q1 harbored a greater number of MDR bacterial species than those in C0 and Q0 thus may act as risk factors for antimicrobial dissemination. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers