Discusión teórica sobre la calidad de la democracia en el contexto suramericano y ecuatoriano

Abstract

espanolEl objetivo de este trabajo es contrastar nueve metodos de medicion de la calidad de la democracia en el mundo: Freedom House, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP), Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), Evaluacion de la democracia: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), Indice de Transformacion de Bertelsmann (BTI), Indice de Desarrollo Democratico de America Latina (IDD-LAT), Levine y Molina (2011) y V-Dem (Coppedge et al., 2019), y destacar aspectos positivos y negativos de cada uno para concluir con un analisis de los factores que aportan a la confiabilidad de estos sistemas. Inicialmente recorre las diferentes acepciones de democracia y calidad que inciden en su medicion, observa las diferentes metodologias aplicadas y concluye en una sentida necesidad de reformular algunos planteamientos metodologicos que reflejen con mayor exactitud elementos endemicos de cada region y pais, sin caer en la homogeneizacion simplificadora, con expectativa de aplicacion en Suramerica y Ecuador EnglishThe objective of this work is to contrast nine methods of democracy quality measurement in the world and to highlight the positive and negative aspects of each of them, to end with an analysis of the factors that contribute to the reliability of such methods. The methods are Freedom House, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP), Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), Democracy Assessment: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI), Latin American Democratic Development Index (IDD-LAT), Levine and Molina (2011), and V-Dem (Coppedge et al., 2019). Initially, the work revises the different definitions of democracy and quality that affect its measurement. Then, it looks at the different methodologies applied. Finally, it concludes with a heartfelt need to reformulate some methodological approaches that more accurately reflect endemic elements of each region and country. This is done without falling into simplifying homogenization and with the expectation of its application in South America, particularly in Ecuador