Possibilities of pathogenetic therapy for acute gastroenteritis in children

Abstract

Acute gastroenteritis remains one of the relevant health problems causing great economic and social burden both in our country and worldwide. The leading pathogenetic syndromes in gastroenteritis are dehydration, a violation of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microbiocenosis, a violation of barrier properties of the intestinal mucosa, and a dysfunction of the apical enzymes of enterocytes. This article presents the main approaches to choosing optimal tactics of pathogenetic therapy, assessing the severity of gastroenteritis dehydration and demonstrates the role of probiotics in therapeutic tactics and the criteria for selecting strains. It was shown that the use of hypo-osmolar solutions in the treatment of dehydration syndrome in children is most appropriate. Complex pathogenetic therapy of gastroenteritis in children should be aimed at correcting the syndromes of dehydration and destabilization of the microbiocenosis system, accelerating the function restoration in apical enzymes of enterocytes, as well as optimizing the protective properties of the mucin layer of the intestinal mucosa. The most reasonable in the treatment of dehydration syndrome in children is the use of hypo-osmolar solutions. Simultaneously with rehydration, enterosorbents and dietary foods may be used to improve the effectiveness of treatment. Probiotic therapy should begin as early as possible and include internationally recommended probiotic strains, among which Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG is one of the most studied and safe and can be successfully used both to relieve the symptoms of gastroenteritis and to prevent their complications. Key words: acute gastroenteritis, dehydration, probiotics, diarrhea, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG