Structural heterogeneity of mangroves as a response of environmental and anthropic factors in Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico

E. I. Romero-Berny, C. Tovilla-Hernández, N. Torrescano-Valle, B. Schmook
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Structural characteristics and dominance patterns in mangroves have been linked to environmental, anthropogenic and ecophysiological factors. The Soconusco on the southern coast of the Mexican Pacific is an environmentally heterogeneous region, with high availability of freshwater and different degrees of E. I. Romero-Berny, C. Tovilla-Hernández, N. Torrescano-Valle, y B. Schmook HETEROGENEIDAD ESTRUCTURAL DEL MANGLAR COMO RESPUESTA A FACTORES AMBIENTALES Y ANTRÓPICOS EN EL SOCONUSCO, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO. STRUCTURAL HETEROGENEITY OF MANGROVES AS A RESPONSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANTHROPIC FACTORS IN SOCONUSCO, CHIAPAS, MEXICO. Instituto Politécnico Nacional Núm. 47: 39-58. Enero 2019 DOI: 10.18387/polibotanica.47.4 Núm. 47: 39-58 Enero 2019 ISSN electrónico: 2395-9525 41 impact. The goal of this study was to analyze the mangrove groups, including their structure and dominance pattern under the influence of eight environmental factors (salinity, flood level, pH, air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity, and content of organic matter 0-30 cm, 0-60 cm). The characteristic physical features and caused by the impact were described for each group. Mangrove structure was evaluated considering a forest inventory conducted in 40 sampling units (300 m). Density of live and standing dead trees, stumps and seedlings was estimated for 1ha. The dominance for each species was determined using the relative Importance Value. The identification of groups was carried out with ordination and classification routines. The species with the highest Importance Values were Rhizophora mangle (29.68%) and Laguncularia racemosa (27.33%). Comparatively, the general structure of mangroves in Soconusco in terms of density (2 792 steams ha), basal area (36.5 mha) and height (15.5 m) is greater than in other areas of the Mexican Pacific coast. Classification of vegetation data, based on the Relative Importance Value Index, defined five mangrove groups. Outstanding is the presence of a community dominated by Pachira aquatica. The highest density of trees and stumps was recorded in Conocarpus erectus grouping, while the highest density of seedlings was in Avicennia germinans grouping. 86.3% of sampled trees present ≤ 17.7cm diameter at breast height. The variables that correlate significantly with the axis 2 of the ordination biplot were organic matter (30-60 cm), salinity and flood level. Canonical Discriminant Analysis corroborated the differences between mangrove groups, with the first two canonical axes explaining 89.05% of the variation in the data. The community composition varied associated with physical and environmental conditions, and were structurally defined by basal area, crown diameter, height and density, as well as by factors that can be associated with an anthropic impact such as stump and seedling densities. It is recommended to consider the characteristics of each mangrove group to plan their management.
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墨西哥恰帕斯州Soconusco红树林结构异质性对环境和人为因素的响应
红树林的结构特征和优势格局与环境、人为和生态生理因素有关。墨西哥太平洋南部海岸的Soconusco是一个环境异质性地区,淡水资源丰富,e.i. Romero-Berny, C. Tovilla-Hernández, N. Torrescano-Valle, y . B. Schmook HETEROGENEIDAD ESTRUCTURAL DEL MANGLAR COMO RESPUESTA A FACTORES AMBIENTALES y ANTRÓPICOS EN EL Soconusco, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO。墨西哥恰帕斯州soconusco红树林结构异质性对环境和人为因素的响应。国立政治学院Núm。47: 39-58。Enero 2019 DOI: 10.18387/polibotanica.47.4 Núm。47: 39-58 Enero 2019 ISSN electrónico: 2395-9525 41 impact。本研究旨在分析8个环境因子(盐度、洪水位、pH、气温、土壤温度、相对湿度、0 ~ 30 cm、0 ~ 60 cm有机质含量)对红树林类群的结构和优势格局的影响。描述了每一组的特征物理特征和影响的原因。考虑到在40个采样单位(300米)进行的森林清查,对红树林结构进行了评估。估计了1公顷的活树和枯死树、树桩和幼苗的密度。利用相对重要值确定各物种的优势度。用排序和分类程序进行类群鉴定。重要值最高的种是根霉(29.68%)和总形拉霉(27.33%)。相比之下,Soconusco红树林的总体结构在密度(2 792蒸ha)、基底面积(36.5 mha)和高度(15.5 m)方面都大于墨西哥太平洋沿岸的其他地区。基于相对重要值指数的植被数据分类定义了五个红树林组。突出的是一个群落的存在,主要是水栖Pachira aquatica。树木和树桩密度以Conocarpus erectus组最高,幼苗密度以Avicennia germinans组最高。86.3%的样本树胸高直径≤17.7cm。与2轴相关的变量为有机质(30 ~ 60 cm)、盐度和洪水位。典型判别分析证实了红树林群体之间的差异,前两个典型轴解释了数据中89.05%的差异。群落组成随自然和环境条件的变化而变化,在结构上由基底面积、树冠直径、高度和密度以及树桩和幼苗密度等与人为影响相关的因素决定。建议考虑每个红树林群的特点来规划它们的管理。
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