{"title":"The Landscape of Fear: Ecological Implications of Being Afraid~!2009-09-09~!2009-11-16~!2010-02-02~!","authors":"J. Laundré, L. Hernández, W. Ripple","doi":"10.2174/1874213001003030001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Predation risk\" and \"fear\" are concepts well established in animal behavior literature. We expand these concepts to develop the model of the \"landscape of fear\". The landscape of fear represents relative levels of predation risk as peaks and valleys that reflect the level of fear of predation a prey experiences in different parts of its area of use. We provide observations in support of this model regarding changes in predation risk with respect to habitat types, and terrain characteristics. We postulate that animals have the ability to learn and can respond to differing levels of predation risk. We propose that the landscape of fear can be quantified with the use of well documented existing methods such as giving- up densities, vigilance observations, and foraging surveys of plants. We conclude that the landscape of fear is a useful visual model and has the potential to become a unifying ecological concept.","PeriodicalId":39335,"journal":{"name":"Open Ecology Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2010-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"613","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Open Ecology Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874213001003030001","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Environmental Science","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 613
Abstract
Predation risk" and "fear" are concepts well established in animal behavior literature. We expand these concepts to develop the model of the "landscape of fear". The landscape of fear represents relative levels of predation risk as peaks and valleys that reflect the level of fear of predation a prey experiences in different parts of its area of use. We provide observations in support of this model regarding changes in predation risk with respect to habitat types, and terrain characteristics. We postulate that animals have the ability to learn and can respond to differing levels of predation risk. We propose that the landscape of fear can be quantified with the use of well documented existing methods such as giving- up densities, vigilance observations, and foraging surveys of plants. We conclude that the landscape of fear is a useful visual model and has the potential to become a unifying ecological concept.
期刊介绍：
The Open Ecology Journal is an open access online journal which embraces the trans-disciplinary nature of ecology, seeking to publish original research articles, reviews, letters and guest edited single topic issues representing important scientific progress from all areas of ecology and its linkages to other fields. The journal also focuses on the basic principles of the natural environment and its conservation. Contributions may be based on any taxa, natural or artificial environments, biodiversity, spatial scales, temporal scales, and methods that advance this multi-faceted and dynamic science. The Open Ecology Journal also considers empirical and theoretical studies that promote the construction of a broadly applicable conceptual framework or that present rigorous tests or novel applications of ecological theory.
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