{"title":"Biodiesel production from palm fatty acids distillate using tungstophosphoric acid- and Cs-salt immobilized-silica.","authors":"W. Trakarnpruk","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V9I1.219","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"H 3 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 and Cs 1.5 H 1.5 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 composites with controllable acid loadings (5 - 15 wt% loading) were prepared by direct co-condensation sol-gel methods in the presence of triblock poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer. Biodiesel production from palm fatty acids distillate (PFAD) having 93 % free fatty acids (FFA), a residual product from the refining of crude palm oil was investigated using these heterogeneous catalysts. The results demonstrated that under the same reaction conditions the catalytic activity of H 3 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 was higher than Cs 1.5 H 1.5 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 due to higher acidity. A study on effects of reaction temperature, time and catalyst amount has been performed. The FAME content was 96.7 % at a temperature of 85 °C, 15 h reaction time, a molar ratio of methanol to PFAD at 12:1 and catalyst 15 wt% based on PFAD. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2012-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"11","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V9I1.219","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Multidisciplinary","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Abstract
H 3 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 and Cs 1.5 H 1.5 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 composites with controllable acid loadings (5 - 15 wt% loading) were prepared by direct co-condensation sol-gel methods in the presence of triblock poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer. Biodiesel production from palm fatty acids distillate (PFAD) having 93 % free fatty acids (FFA), a residual product from the refining of crude palm oil was investigated using these heterogeneous catalysts. The results demonstrated that under the same reaction conditions the catalytic activity of H 3 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 was higher than Cs 1.5 H 1.5 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 due to higher acidity. A study on effects of reaction temperature, time and catalyst amount has been performed. The FAME content was 96.7 % at a temperature of 85 °C, 15 h reaction time, a molar ratio of methanol to PFAD at 12:1 and catalyst 15 wt% based on PFAD. Graphical abstract
期刊介绍：
The Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (Walailak J. Sci. & Tech. or WJST), is a peer-reviewed journal covering all areas of science and technology, launched in 2004. It is published 12 Issues (Monthly) by the Institute of Research and Innovation of Walailak University. The scope of the journal includes the following areas of research : - Natural Sciences: Biochemistry, Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Materials Science, Mathematics, Molecular Biology, Physics and Astronomy. -Life Sciences: Allied Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry, Genetics, Immunology and Microbiology, Medicine, Neuroscience, Nursing, Pharmaceutics, Psychology, Public Health, Tropical Medicine, Veterinary. -Applied Sciences: Agricultural, Aquaculture, Biotechnology, Computer Science, Cybernetics, Earth and Planetary, Energy, Engineering, Environmental, Food Science, Information Technology, Meat Science, Nanotechnology, Plant Sciences, Systemics
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