Arquitectura y emergencia: Sistema de evacuación vertical para Iquique, Chile

Abstract

Chile has a long history of earthquakes and tsunamis, and as a result the country has implemented a strict regulatory system that has enabled adequate responses in the case of recent earthquakes. However, responses to tsunami events are still in a developmental stage, especially after the earthquake and tsunami of 2010. In this sense, the city of Iquique presents a serious challenge with regard to tsunami, as it could suffer severe, extensive damage caused by flooding of 5-10 meters. Moreover, in many places the distance between the shore and safe areas on higher ground is excessive, thereby causing serious risk for the population. This article examines Iquique and its potential tsunami scenarios by identifying and pinpointing the weaknesses in its urban safety network. Finally, possible improvements to the existing system are explored from an architectural design viewpoint, specifically through the incorporation of a system of vertical evacuation structures.