Schoenoplectus hallii, S. saximontanus, and the Putative S. hallii X S. saximontanus Hybrid: Observations from the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge and the Fort Sill Military Reservation 2002 - 2010

Marian Smith, P. Mckenzie
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Schoenoplectus hallii, S. saximontanus, and the putative S. hallii × S. saximontanus hybrid are obligate wetland sedges that occur in the sparsely vegetated margins of ponds, ditches or swales with fluctuating water levels. The species are amphicarpic and have easily identified differences between spikelet and basal achenes. We surveyed selected sites at the refuge in 2001, 2002, and 2007 – 2010, surveyed 4 sites on the Fort Sill Military Reservation in 2009 and 2010, and collected voucher specimens from all populations. Scanning Electron Microsope (SEM) photographs of spikelet and basal achenes indicate distinct morphological differences between species and the presence of “winged” ridges on S. saximontanus. Field observations indicated that populations at all sites vary in size and species distribution annually, and that both parental species appeared to be declining in number. We concluded that in populations where S. hallii and S. saximontanus co-occur, hybridization may be a threat to one or both parental species. The distribution of achenes by waterfowl and ungulates indicates that management to prevent establishment of mixed populations, and therefore hybridization, is not practical. We recommend that S. hallii be evaluated for federal listing under the Endangered Species Act, a range-wide assessment be completed for S. saximontanus, and that all sites with mixed populations should be examined for the presence of hybrids.
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Schoenolectus hallii、S.saximontanus和假定的S.hallii X S.saximuntanus杂交种:2002-2010年威奇托山脉野生动物保护区和希尔堡军事保护区的观测
Schoenoplectus hallii、S. saximontanus和推定的S. hallii × S. saximontanus杂交植物是专性湿地莎草,生长在水位波动的池塘、沟渠或洼地植被稀疏的边缘。该物种是两性的,很容易识别出小穗和基生瘦果之间的差异。我们分别于2001年、2002年和2007年至2010年对保护区的选定地点进行了调查,并于2009年和2010年对斯蒂尔堡军事保留地的4个地点进行了调查,并收集了所有种群的代金券标本。小穗和基部瘦果的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片显示了不同种间的明显形态差异,以及saxximontanus上“翅”脊的存在。野外观察表明,各地点的种群规模和种类分布每年都有变化,亲本种群数量均呈下降趋势。我们的结论是,在哈利沙螨和萨希蒙沙螨共存的种群中,杂交可能对一个或两个亲本物种构成威胁。瘦果在水禽和有蹄类动物中的分布表明,防止混合种群的建立和杂交的管理是不现实的。我们建议根据《濒危物种法》对哈利沙蚤进行联邦名单评估,对萨西蒙沙蚤进行范围范围的评估,并对所有混合种群的地点进行杂交检查。
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