Construction of basic functions for problems of fluid oscillations in a tank

Abstract

Considerable number of studies and publications is devoted to issues of dynamic behavior of liquids, the impact on the surface tension of a liquid in partially filled tanks in particular. The study of liquid vibrations in partially fluid-filled cylindrical containers with the presence of a free surface is an important technical task. The influence of the free surface curvature of the tank filler on the oscillation frequency is taken into account. It is assumed that the liquid is incompressible and inviscid, and its motion is irrotational. The method to solve a boundary value problem for determining fluid oscillations in a reservoir has been developed, and an integral presentation of an unknown velocity potential is proposed. The geometrical characteristics of the free liquid surface have been determined. It is taken into account that the free liquid surface deviates from the equilibrium position and assumes a spherical shape. A system of singular integral equations has been obtained for unknown values of the potential and flow. The method of boundary elements with constant approximation of an unknown density on the elements has been used to solve the system numerically. The oscillation frequencies for the zero harmonic are determined in accordance with the level of the free-surface elevation. It has been determined that the deviation of the free surface shape from the flat and even a slight rise in the free surface level leads to noticeable changes in the vibration frequencies. The vibrational modes obtained in the study mostly coincide with the modes for a flat free surface and can serve as the basic system of functions in the studies of free and forced fluid vibrations in tanks, as well as, in the study of the intrinsic and forced sloshing in the reservoirs provided surface tension is taken into account.