A Commentary on Ambedkar's Posthumously Published "Philosophy of Hinduism" - Part II

R. Sampath
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

This paper continues the commentary on Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s posthumously published Philosophy of Hinduism. Utilizing resources from various modern continental European philosophers and social theorists, particularly of religion, we elaborate on several key passages within Ambedkar’s overall framework of analysis. The paper continues to explore how Ambedkar conceives relations between philosophy and religion, and how historical shifts in general human consciousness have occurred whereby altering both fields. At the core of his being, Ambedkar is concerned with a methodological justification that will enable him to venture into a penetrating critique of the immoral and amoral nature of Hinduism’s social system of caste. In Part I of the commentary, we followed Ambedkar until he arrived at the criteria of ‘justice’ and ‘utility’ to judge the status of Hinduism. He wanted to test whether this Eastern world religion, which descends from antiquity, meets those criteria, which shape the modern conception of religion. In Part II of this commentary, we expand further on Ambedkar’s thesis as to why Hinduism fails to meet the modern conception when those twin criteria are not met. This thought presupposes various underlying philosophical transformations of the relations of ‘God to man’, ‘Society to man’, and ‘man to man’ within which the Hindu-dominated Indian society forecloses the possibility of individual equality, freedom, and dignity. In making contributions to Ambedkar studies, the philosophy of religion, and political philosophies of justice, this paper sets up Part III of the commentary, which will examine Ambedkar’s actual engagement with the classics of Hinduism’s philosophy and thought in general. Ultimately, Ambedkar is undeterred in his original critique of the social and moral failures of the caste system, thereby intimating ambitious possibilities for its eventual eradication.
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安贝德卡死后出版的《印度教哲学》述评(二)
本文继续对安贝德卡博士死后出版的《印度教哲学》进行评论。利用各种现代欧洲大陆哲学家和社会理论家,特别是宗教理论家的资源,我们在安贝德卡的整体分析框架内详细阐述了几个关键段落。本文继续探讨安贝德卡如何设想哲学与宗教之间的关系,以及一般人类意识的历史转变是如何发生的,从而改变了这两个领域。安贝德卡关注的核心是方法论上的辩护,这将使他能够大胆地对印度教种姓社会制度的不道德和不道德的本质进行深刻的批判。在评论的第一部分,我们跟随安贝德卡,直到他到达了“正义”和“效用”的标准来判断印度教的地位。他想检验这种从古代传承下来的东方世界宗教是否符合这些标准,这些标准塑造了现代宗教的概念。在本评论的第二部分中,我们进一步扩展了安贝德卡的论点,即当这两个标准不满足时,印度教为什么不能满足现代概念。这种思想预设了“神对人”、“社会对人”和“人对人”关系的各种潜在哲学转变,在这些转变中,印度教主导的印度社会排除了个人平等、自由和尊严的可能性。为了对安贝德卡的研究、宗教哲学和政治正义哲学做出贡献,本文设置了评注的第三部分,该部分将考察安贝德卡与印度教哲学和思想经典的实际接触。最终,安贝德卡尔对种姓制度在社会和道德上的失败进行了最初的批判,并没有因此而气馁,从而暗示了最终消灭种姓制度的雄心勃勃的可能性。
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