Chemical Ecology and Microbial Quality Assessment of Water of Recreational Hot Springs of Sikkim Himalayas

Q3 Environmental Science Journal of Water and Environment Technology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI:10.2965/jwet.20-056

Sayak Das, Goshaidas Roy, M. Sherpa, I. Najar, Nagendra Thakur

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引用次数: 5

Abstract

The major recreational hot springs of Sikkim which are famous tourist destinations were selected for the current study. Physicochemical and microbial quality of all the seven hot spring water samples were examined to assess the seasonal variation for three months. Polok hot spring was the hottest among all, whose temperature reached up to 75°C. In all the other hot springs, temperature ranged from 40 ° C to 50 ° C. Piper diagram, durov plot and schoeller plot categorized these hot springs as calcium chloride type. Elemental analysis showed similar pattern of composition in all the hot springs. Various other parameters such as total hardness of water, total alkalinity, phenolic compounds, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand were analyzed and they were found to be within the permissible limits of American Public Health Association and Bureau of Indian Standards. There was no growth in any differential and selection media used for the detection of coli-aerogenes, enteric bacterial pathogens belonging to Enterobacteriaceae , Salmonella - Shigella sp., Vibrio sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Hence, the hot springs of Sikkim are safe for recreational purposes.

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锡金喜马拉雅地区游憩温泉水质化学生态学及微生物质量评价

本研究选取了锡金主要的休闲温泉，这些温泉都是著名的旅游胜地。对7份温泉水样品进行了为期3个月的理化和微生物质量检测，以评价其季节变化。其中，波洛克温泉温度最高，达到75℃。其他温泉的温度范围在40 ~ 50℃之间，Piper图、durov图和schoeller图将这些温泉归类为氯化钙型。元素分析表明，所有温泉的组成模式相似。对水的总硬度、总碱度、酚类化合物、生化需氧量、化学需氧量等其他参数进行了分析，发现它们都在美国公共卫生协会和印度标准局的允许范围内。在任何用于检测大肠杆菌、肠杆菌科肠道细菌病原体、沙门氏菌-志贺氏菌、弧菌和假单胞菌的鉴别和选择培养基中均未发现生长。因此，锡金温泉是安全的娱乐用途。

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来源期刊

Journal of Water and Environment Technology Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology

CiteScore

1.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

43 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Water and Environment Technology is an Open Access, fully peer-reviewed international journal for all aspects of the science, technology and management of water and the environment. The journal’s articles are clearly placed in a broader context to be relevant and interesting to our global audience of researchers, engineers, water technologists, and policy makers. JWET is the official journal of the Japan Society on Water Environment (JSWE) published in English, and welcomes submissions that take basic, applied or modeling approaches to the interesting issues facing the field. Topics can include, but are not limited to: water environment, soil and groundwater, drinking water, biological treatment, physicochemical treatment, sludge and solid waste, toxicity, public health and risk assessment, test and analytical methods, environmental education and other issues. JWET also welcomes seminal studies that help lay the foundations for future research in the field. JWET is committed to an ethical, fair and rapid peer-review process. It is published six times per year. It has two article types: Original Articles and Review Articles.