Semantics of the egressive in the Permian languages: interlanguage differences

Abstract

Introduction: in modern Permian languages most of the spatial cases are the legacy of the Proto-Permian language. In the course of the historical evolution of languages, the morphological and functional-semantic characteristics of common Permian cases have changed, so it is important to identify similarities and differences in their use. Objective: to identify differences in the use of the egressive in the Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permian and Udmurt languages. Research materials: the empirical base of the study was made up of original texts in the Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permian and Udmurt languages from printed sources and electronic corpora. Results and novelty of the research: for the first time, a comparative study of the semantic structure of the egressive of the Permian languages is undertaken. It is revealed that in each of the Permian languages, the egressive has specific functional and semantic features. In the Komi languages, the egressive has meanings, which in the Udmurt language are expressed by the ablative. The meanings that are inherent for the egressive only in the Komi-Permian language, in the Komi-Zyryan language are included in the semantic zone of the elative, in the Udmurt language – in the semantic zone of the ablative. In the Udmurt language, the egressive can express meanings that in the Komi languages are expressed by the inessive or the postposition vylyn ‘on’. Based on the analysis of the semantics of the case, it is concluded that there are different sources of the formation of egressive suffixes in the Komi and Udmurt languages. New data are introduced into scientific circulation, which can be used in comparative-historical and typological studies of cases