Eye Movements and Frontal Cerebral Blood Flow during Dual-Task Performance in Young Adults: Basic Data to Identify the Mechanisms Underlying Falling in Older Adults

Kazumasa Yamada, K. Furukawa, Shinya Yokoyama, Daisuke Kimura, Kazuko Watanabe
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Abstract

This study aimed to obtain basic data necessary for elucidating the mechanisms underlying falling in elderly people during walking. The participants, who were healthy young women (n=19; mean age, 23.1 ± 1.9 years), performed pseudo-walking foot-stepping motions according to the following three conditions: (1) foot-stepping at their usual walking speed (single task), (2) performing a foot-stepping motion at their usual walking speed while solving a mathematical problem (dual task), and (3) performing foot-stepping at their usual walking speed while looking carefully at an image in front of them (control task). Participants’ eyeball movements, number of steps, and blood flow rates in the frontal lobe were measured. We found that participants’ eyeball movements were significantly larger and faster during the dual task than during the single or control task (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the number of footsteps among the single, dual, and control tasks. Blood flow rates in the frontal lobe were lower for the dual task than for the single task. Collectively, these findings imply that an increase in eye movements during thinking in young adults may suppress the input of visual information, and this may be more pronounced in older people with relatively poor frontal lobe function. The results of this study provide a baseline to compare the results of a similar study performed in older individuals.
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年轻人双任务执行过程中的眼动和额叶脑血流量:识别老年人跌倒机制的基本数据
本研究旨在获得必要的基本数据,以阐明老年人在步行过程中跌倒的机制。参与者为健康的年轻女性(n=19;平均年龄(23.1±1.9岁),在以下三种情况下进行模拟步行步行动作:(1)以通常步行速度行走(单任务);(2)以通常步行速度行走同时解决数学问题(双任务);(3)以通常步行速度行走同时仔细看前面的图像(控制任务)。研究人员测量了参与者的眼球运动、步数和额叶的血流量。我们发现,在双重任务中,参与者的眼球运动明显大于单一任务或对照任务(p<0.05)。在单任务、双任务和控制任务中,脚步的数量没有显著差异。双任务时额叶的血流量比单任务时要低。总的来说,这些发现表明,年轻人在思考过程中眼球运动的增加可能会抑制视觉信息的输入,这在额叶功能相对较差的老年人中可能更为明显。这项研究的结果为比较在老年人中进行的类似研究的结果提供了一个基线。
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