ANALYSIS ON THE SPECIES DIVERSITY OF FISHERY ANIMALS IN DAIQUYANG

Z. Hong
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Abstract

The Daiquyang locates between the Daishan and Qushan Islands in the Zhoushan Archipelago.Due to its optimal location and suitable environmental characteristics,it is the spawning and feeding ground of Larimichthys crocea of the Daiqu Race,and also of other fishery animals(fish species such as Larimichthys polyactis,Trichiurus japonicus,Pampus argenteus and Engraulis japonicus,crustacean species such as Portunus trituberculatus,Charybdis japonica,Exopalaemon carinicauda,Acetes chinensis and Oratosquilla oratoria,cephalopods such as Sepiella maindroni,Octopus variabilis,Octopus ocellatus and Loligo duvaucelii,and other animal species such as Nassarius variciferus,Sliqua minima,Cantharus cecillei and Moerella irideseens).For a long time,although the Daiquyang plays an important role in marine fisheries in the East China Sea,there have been no studies focused on the species diversity of its fishery animals.In recent years,both the environment and fishery resources in the Daiquyang have been facing new threats arisen from rapid development of harbor industries and a mass of shore reclamation in the Zhoushan Archipelago District,Zhejiang.Therefore it is necessary to study the species diversity of fishery animals in this area.We analyzed fishery animal diversity and the status of fishery resources based on four surveys conducted by bottom trawl,setting gillnet and crab pot from April to November 2007 in the Daiquyang.Three analytical methods including sweep-area method,biodiversity analysis and analysis of variance were used.The results showed that: 1) a total of 98 fishery animals were sampled,including fishes(58 species),crustaceans(32 species),cephalopods(3 species) and other species(6 species),belonging to 53 families of 20 orders,7 classes and 4 phylums.2) In our trawl collections,a total of 68 fishery animals were obtained,including fishes(38 species),crustaceans(23 species),cephalopods(2 species) and other species(5 species),belonging to 42 families of 18 orders,7 classes and 4 phylums.The richness index(D) of fishery animals in April was significantly different from those in August and November(P 0.05).Both the biomass and the number abundance density indices of fishery animals were the highest in August,significantly different from those in May and November(P 0.05).The dominant species were Harpodon nehereus,Coilia mystus,Palaemon gravieri and Alpheus japonicus in April,Harpodon nehereus,Coilia mystus,Exopalaemon annandalei and Charybdis japonica in May,Harpodon nehereu and Portunus trituberculatus in August,Harpodon nehereus,Charybdis japonica and Oratosquilla oratoria in December,and among them,Harpodon nehereus was the dominant species during all study months.Average body weight of Harpodon nehereus in August was significantly different from those in other three months(P 0.05) because of the spawning of the juveniles.For trawl collections,the biological community was mainly composed of warm temperature fish species,eurythermal and euryhaline crustacean species(such as Harpodon nehereus,Coilia mystus,Alpheus japonicus,Portunus trituberculatus and Oratosquilla oratoria) with a small number of fishery animals and lower Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′),compared with offshore waters and deep waters in the East China Sea,In addition,its biomass was closely related with the bottom water temperature(P 0.01).
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代曲阳渔业动物物种多样性分析
岱曲阳位于舟山群岛的岱山群岛和曲山群岛之间。由于其优越的地理位置和适宜的环境特征,这里是代曲族大腹鱼(Larimichthys crocea)的产卵和取食地,也是其他渔业动物(鱼类如Larimichthys polyactis、Trichiurus japonicus、Pampus argenteus和engrulis japonicus),甲壳类如Portunus trituberculatus、Charybdis japonica、Exopalaemon carinicauda、Acetes chinensis和Oratosquilla oratoria),头足类如Sepiella maindroni、Octopus variabilis、Octopus等)的产卵和取食地以及其他动物物种,如变异纳沙螨、小绥螨、塞氏Cantharus cecillei和irideseens Moerella)。长期以来,虽然大曲阳在东海海洋渔业中占有重要地位,但对其渔业动物物种多样性的研究尚未得到重视。近年来,由于港口产业的快速发展和舟山群岛地区的大规模填海造地,代渠洋的环境和渔业资源都面临着新的威胁。因此,有必要对该地区渔业动物物种多样性进行研究。2007年4 - 11月,通过底拖网、设置刺网和捕蟹笼等4种调查方法,对岱曲阳海域渔业动物多样性和渔业资源现状进行了分析。采用了三种分析方法:面积分析法、生物多样性分析法和方差分析法。结果表明:1)共采集渔业动物98种,包括鱼类(58种)、甲壳类(32种)、头足类(3种)和其他类(6种),隶属于20目7纲4门53科。2)共采集渔业动物68种,包括鱼类(38种)、甲壳类(23种)、头足类(2种)和其他类(5种),隶属于18目7纲4门42科。4月渔业动物丰富度指数(D)与8月和11月差异显著(P < 0.05)。渔业动物生物量和数量丰度密度指数均以8月最高,与5月和11月差异显著(P < 0.05)。4月份的优势种分别为neheron、Coilia mystus、Palaemon gravieri和Alpheus japonicus, 5月份为neheron、Coilia mystus、Exopalaemon annandalei和charybides japonica, 8月份为neheron和Portunus trituberculatus, 12月份为neheron、Charybdis japonica和Oratosquilla oratoria,其中neheron Harpodon在所有研究月份都是优势种。8月份因幼鱼产卵,平均体重与其他3个月差异显著(P < 0.05)。拖网渔获的生物群落以温温鱼类、常温和常盐甲壳类(如Harpodon nehereus、Coilia mystus、Alpheus japonicus、Portunus trituberculatus和Oratosquilla oratoria)为主,渔业动物数量较少,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)较东海近海和深水低,生物量与底水温密切相关(P < 0.01)。
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