Phospholipid synthetic and turnover pathways elicited upon exposure to different xenobiotics

IF 0.7 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AIMS Molecular Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI:10.3934/molsci.2020010
Teresa M. Fonovich
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Abstract

Phospholipids, neutral lipids and glycolipids metabolism take the place during cell responses to different stimuli. Phospholipase and acyl glycerol lipase activities have been demonstrated to release second messengers that trigger cascade responses. Studies on lipid droplets structure, formation and interaction with other organelles have recently been described in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Remodeling of membrane phospholipids has also been reported. NMR studies performed on synthetic membranes allowed to postulate membrane lipids polymorphism and to explain how processes like cell division, endocytosis and exocytosis can take place, due to special arrangements of the membranes. Studies from our research group on the pesticide dieldrin and Cu2+ effects through exposure of amphibian oocytes and embryos to sub-lethal and acclimation concentrations followed by toxic concentration challenges respectively, are discussed. Membrane phospholipids structure alterations allowing stabilization of bilayer arrangements were found for both stressors in cell and tissues. Metallothionein induction response that prevents oxidative stress was also found in acclimated embryo tissues. Probable connections between enzyme activities taking place on lysophospholipid and triacylglycerol substrates present in lipid droplets as well as phospholipid trafficking leading to modifications on membrane phospholipid ratios are discussed. Current new evidences in agreement with our findings allow us to suggest that our previously published results of dieldrin effects on amphibian cells correspond to joint coordinated activities, which probably had involved various metabolic pathways, in line with the acclimation experiment results and discussion. Independently of the cascade responses each toxicant is able to elicit, lipids play an important role in cell responses, both through rapid turnover and final stabilization of membrane bilayers.
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磷脂的合成和转换途径引起的暴露于不同的外源性
磷脂、中性脂和糖脂代谢发生在细胞对不同刺激的反应过程中。磷脂酶和酰基甘油脂肪酶的活性已被证明可以释放触发级联反应的第二信使。最近在原核生物和真核生物中对脂滴的结构、形成和与其他细胞器的相互作用进行了研究。膜磷脂的重塑也有报道。在合成膜上进行的核磁共振研究允许假设膜脂多态性,并解释由于膜的特殊安排,细胞分裂,内吞作用和胞吐作用等过程如何发生。本文讨论了本课题组通过将两栖动物卵母细胞和胚胎分别暴露于亚致死浓度和驯化浓度以及毒性浓度挑战中对农药狄氏剂和Cu2+的影响。细胞膜磷脂结构的改变使得细胞和组织中的应激源的双层排列稳定。在驯化的胚胎组织中也发现了金属硫蛋白的诱导反应,以防止氧化应激。在脂滴中存在的溶血磷脂和三酰甘油底物上发生的酶活性之间的可能联系以及导致膜磷脂比率修饰的磷脂运输。目前的新证据与我们的研究结果一致,使我们认为我们之前发表的狄氏剂对两栖动物细胞的作用对应于联合协调的活动,可能涉及多种代谢途径,与驯化实验结果和讨论一致。独立于每种毒物能够引起的级联反应,脂质在细胞反应中发挥重要作用,通过快速周转和最终稳定膜双分子层。
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来源期刊
AIMS Molecular Science
AIMS Molecular Science BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-
自引率
0.00%
发文量
4
审稿时长
5 weeks
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