Bio-control efficiency of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) against the citrus leaf miner, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lep., Gracillariidae) under laboratory conditions

Abstract

The citrus leaf miner, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lep., Gracillariidae), is one of the most destructive pest of citrus and related Rutaceae and ornamental plants in Iran. Larvae damage leaves by creating serpentine feeding mines, which have been lead to reduce yield. Resistance and toxicity problems derived from synthetic insecticides have made it necessary to find more effective and healthier alternatives; therefore, bio-insecticides ( i.e ., Bacillus thuringiensis ) are becoming an important component in plant protection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of B. thuringiensis against P. citrella . Eight B. thuringiensis concentrations were used against P. citrella L3 on orange and mortality was recorded at 1, 4, 7 and 10 days after spraying. The results showed that B. thuringiensis significantly affected mortality of P. citrella . After 1, 4, 7 and 10 days of spraying 108 concentration of B. thuringiensis had significantly caused the highest mortality to the pest with 59.8, 68.4, 73.6 and 77.0%, respectively. Then the mortality percent decreased until it reached 6.5, 9.5, 39.3 and 46.7% at 101 concentration, respectively. In conclusion, the study indicated that B. thuringiensis is effective in controlling P. citrella under laboratory conditions.