Annual Variation of PM2.5 Chemical Composition in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Including the COVID-19 Outbreak Period

IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Aerosol and Air Quality Research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.4209/aaqr.220312
N. Tran, Y. Fujii, V. X. Le, Doan Thien Chi Nguyen, H. Okochi, To Thi Hien, N. Takenaka
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

PM2.5 was continuously collected in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, during the period from September 2019 to August 2020, which included the period of socioeconomic suppression caused by restrictions imposed in the face of the coronavirus disease of 2019. The concentrations of PM2.5 mass, water-soluble ions (WSIs), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were determined to evaluate the seasonal variations in PM2.5, the effect of socioeconomic suppression on PM2.5, and potential PM2.5 sources in HCMC. The PM2.5 mass concentration during the sampling period was 28.44 +/- 11.55 mu g m(-3) (average +/- standard deviation). OC, EC, and total WSIs accounted for 30.7 +/- 6.6%, 9.7 +/- 2.9%, and 24.9 +/- 6.6% of the PM2.5 mass, respectively. WSOC contributed 46.4 +/- 10.1% to OC mass. NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+ were the dominant species in WSIs (72.7 +/- 17.7% of the total WSIs' mass). The concentrations of PM2.5 mass and total WSIs during the rainy season were lower than those during the dry season, whereas the concentrations of carbonaceous species during the rainy season were higher. The concentrations of PM2.5 mass and chemical species during the socioeconomic suppression period significantly decreased by 45%-61% compared to the values before this period. The OC/EC ratio (3.28 +/- 0.61) and char-EC/soot-EC (4.88 +/- 2.72) suggested that biomass burning, coal combustion, vehicle emissions, cooking activities are major PM2.5 sources in HCMC. Furthermore, the results of a concentration-weighted trajectory analysis suggested that the geological sources of PM2.5 were in the local areas of HCMC and the northeast provinces of Vietnam (where coal-fired power plants are located).
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包括COVID-19暴发期在内的越南胡志明市PM2.5化学成分的年变化
在2019年9月至2020年8月期间,在越南胡志明市(HCMC)连续收集PM2.5,其中包括面对2019年冠状病毒病实施限制造成的社会经济抑制期。通过测定PM2.5质量、水溶性离子(wsi)、有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)和水溶性有机碳(WSOC)的浓度,评价PM2.5的季节变化、社会经济抑制对PM2.5的影响以及潜在的PM2.5来源。采样期间PM2.5质量浓度为28.44±11.55 μ g(-3)(平均±标准差)。OC、EC和总wsi分别占PM2.5质量的30.7 +/- 6.6%、9.7 +/- 2.9%和24.9 +/- 6.6%。WSOC对OC质量的贡献为46.4 +/- 10.1%。NO3-、SO42-和NH4+是wsi的优势物质(占wsi总质量的72.7 +/- 17.7%)。PM2.5质量浓度和总wsi浓度在雨季低于旱季,而碳质物质浓度在雨季高于旱季。社会经济抑制期PM2.5质量和化学物质浓度较抑制期前显著下降45% ~ 61%。OC/EC比值(3.28 +/- 0.61)和炭-EC/煤烟-EC比值(4.88 +/- 2.72)表明,生物质燃烧、煤炭燃烧、机动车排放和烹饪活动是胡志明市PM2.5的主要来源。此外,浓度加权轨迹分析结果表明,PM2.5的地质源位于胡志明市和越南东北部省份(燃煤电厂所在地)的局部地区。
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来源期刊
Aerosol and Air Quality Research
Aerosol and Air Quality Research ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
10.00%
发文量
163
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The international journal of Aerosol and Air Quality Research (AAQR) covers all aspects of aerosol science and technology, atmospheric science and air quality related issues. It encompasses a multi-disciplinary field, including: - Aerosol, air quality, atmospheric chemistry and global change; - Air toxics (hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs)) - Sources, control, transport and fate, human exposure; - Nanoparticle and nanotechnology; - Sources, combustion, thermal decomposition, emission, properties, behavior, formation, transport, deposition, measurement and analysis; - Effects on the environments; - Air quality and human health; - Bioaerosols; - Indoor air quality; - Energy and air pollution; - Pollution control technologies; - Invention and improvement of sampling instruments and technologies; - Optical/radiative properties and remote sensing; - Carbon dioxide emission, capture, storage and utilization; novel methods for the reduction of carbon dioxide emission; - Other topics related to aerosol and air quality.
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