A. Njamnshi, V. Sini, V. Djientcheu, P. Ongolo-Zogo, Y. Mapoure, F. Yepnjio, T. Echouffo, R. Zebaze, R. Meli, G. Atchou, L. Dongmo, W. Muna
{"title":"Risk Factors Associated With Epilepsy In A Rural Area In Cameroon: A Preliminary Study","authors":"A. Njamnshi, V. Sini, V. Djientcheu, P. Ongolo-Zogo, Y. Mapoure, F. Yepnjio, T. Echouffo, R. Zebaze, R. Meli, G. Atchou, L. Dongmo, W. Muna","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V26I2.7595","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \nAn epileptic area with very high endemicity has been described in Bilomo, a village near Yaounde, the capital city of Cameroon.\n\nPurpose \nThis study was carried out to determine some of the risk and precipitating factors associated with epilepsy in Bilomo.\n\nPatients and Methods \nThis was part of a community-based door-to-door survey in 1999, using the survey instrument developed by the Institute of Neurological Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology of Limoges, the Pan-African Association of Neurological Sciences and the International League Against Epilepsy. Neurological evaluation and confirmation of epilepsy was done by consultant neurologists.\n\nResults \n93 cases of epilepsy were confirmed in the study population of 1898 subjects, giving a prevalence rate of epilepsy in Bilomo of 4.9%. The main risk factor for epilepsy was a positive family history (63.44%). The neurological examination was abnormal in 22.6% of patients. Mental retardation was found in 17.2%, psychological disorders in 16.1%, a pyramidal syndrome (unilateral or bilateral weakness with spasticity and Babinski sign) in 6.4%, language disorders in 4.3%, and a cerebellar syndrome in 1.1% of the patients. Subcutaneous nodules were observed in 13 patients (14%). Pruriginous dermatoses were found in 23 patients (24.7%). A possible aetiologic factor was found in 66 patients (71%). The other risk factors included prenatal (8.6%) and perinatal (19.4%) factors, central nervous system infections (9.7%) and head injury (5.4%).\n\nConclusion \nThe data from this preliminary study suggests that in Bilomo village, the risk factors associated with epilepsy include both hereditary and acquired factors and we postulate that there may be a complex interplay of these factors in the aetiogenesis of epilepsy in this area. These results call for more studies in an attempt to determine the aetiologic factors and more importantly, the interplay between these factors that is responsible for making epilepsy endemic in this area. Such information is vital for an effective national epilepsy control programme.\n\n Introduction \nUne zone de forte endemicite epileptique a ete decrite dans le village de Bilomo, non loin de Yaounde, la capitale du Cameroun.\n\nBut \nCette etude avait pour but de decrire les facteurs de risque et de precipitation de l\\'epilepsie dans le village de Bilomo.\n\nPatients et Methodes \nNotre etude fait partie d\\'une etude communautaire basee sur une enquete porte-a-porte effectuee en 1999, utilisant le questionnaire developpee par l\\'Institut d\\'Epidemiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale (IENT) a Limoges, l\\'Association Pan Africaine des Sciences Neurologiques et la Ligue Internationale contre l\\'Epilepsie. L\\'evaluation neurologique et la confirmation de l\\'epilepsie ont ete faites par les neurologues consultants.\n\nResultats \n93 cas d\\'epilepsie ont ete confirmes dans une population de 1898 sujets dans le village, ce qui donne une prevalence de l\\'epilepsie dans ce village de 4,9%. Le facteur de risque le plus frequent etait une histoire familiale positive de l\\'epilepsie (63,4%). L\\'examen neurologique etait anormal dans 22,6% des patients. Le retard mental etait retrouve dans 17,2%, les troubles psychologiques dans 16,1%, un syndrome pyramidal dans 6,4%, les troubles du langage dans 4,3%, et un syndrome cerebelleux dans 1,1% des patients. Ces troubles ont ete rapportes par 12 patients comme existant depuis au moins un an avant la date de l\\'examen. Les nodules sous-cutanes etaient retrouves chez 13 patients (14,0%). Les dermatoses prurigineuses etaient presentes chez 23 patients (24,7%). Un facteur etiologique possible etait retrouve chez 66 patients (71,0%). D\\'autres facteurs de risque etaient: les facteurs prenataux (8,6%), perinataux (19,4%), les infections du systeme nerveux central (9,7%) et le traumatisme crânien (5,4%).\n\nConclusion \nNos resultats suggerent qu\\'a Bilomo, les facteurs de risque de l\\'epilepsie comprennent une association des facteurs hereditaires (a prouver) et des facteurs acquis. Ceci nous amene a suggerer qu\\'il doit avoir une interaction complexe entre ces differents facteurs de risque dans l\\'etiogenese de l\\'epilepsie dans cette region. Il est necessaire d\\'effectuer les d\\'autres etudes pour mieux comprendre ces interactions, responsables de l\\'endemicite de l\\'epilepsie dans cette zone pour la reussite d\\'un programme national de lutte contre l\\'epilepsie au Cameroun.\n\n Keywords : Africa, Cameroun, Epilepsy, Risk factors, Rural area African Journal of Neurological Sciences Vol. 26 (2) 2007: pp. 18-26","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1000,"publicationDate":"2008-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"27","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V26I2.7595","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Abstract
Introduction
An epileptic area with very high endemicity has been described in Bilomo, a village near Yaounde, the capital city of Cameroon.
Purpose
This study was carried out to determine some of the risk and precipitating factors associated with epilepsy in Bilomo.
Patients and Methods
This was part of a community-based door-to-door survey in 1999, using the survey instrument developed by the Institute of Neurological Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology of Limoges, the Pan-African Association of Neurological Sciences and the International League Against Epilepsy. Neurological evaluation and confirmation of epilepsy was done by consultant neurologists.
Results
93 cases of epilepsy were confirmed in the study population of 1898 subjects, giving a prevalence rate of epilepsy in Bilomo of 4.9%. The main risk factor for epilepsy was a positive family history (63.44%). The neurological examination was abnormal in 22.6% of patients. Mental retardation was found in 17.2%, psychological disorders in 16.1%, a pyramidal syndrome (unilateral or bilateral weakness with spasticity and Babinski sign) in 6.4%, language disorders in 4.3%, and a cerebellar syndrome in 1.1% of the patients. Subcutaneous nodules were observed in 13 patients (14%). Pruriginous dermatoses were found in 23 patients (24.7%). A possible aetiologic factor was found in 66 patients (71%). The other risk factors included prenatal (8.6%) and perinatal (19.4%) factors, central nervous system infections (9.7%) and head injury (5.4%).
Conclusion
The data from this preliminary study suggests that in Bilomo village, the risk factors associated with epilepsy include both hereditary and acquired factors and we postulate that there may be a complex interplay of these factors in the aetiogenesis of epilepsy in this area. These results call for more studies in an attempt to determine the aetiologic factors and more importantly, the interplay between these factors that is responsible for making epilepsy endemic in this area. Such information is vital for an effective national epilepsy control programme.
Introduction
Une zone de forte endemicite epileptique a ete decrite dans le village de Bilomo, non loin de Yaounde, la capitale du Cameroun.
But
Cette etude avait pour but de decrire les facteurs de risque et de precipitation de l\'epilepsie dans le village de Bilomo.
Patients et Methodes
Notre etude fait partie d\'une etude communautaire basee sur une enquete porte-a-porte effectuee en 1999, utilisant le questionnaire developpee par l\'Institut d\'Epidemiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale (IENT) a Limoges, l\'Association Pan Africaine des Sciences Neurologiques et la Ligue Internationale contre l\'Epilepsie. L\'evaluation neurologique et la confirmation de l\'epilepsie ont ete faites par les neurologues consultants.
Resultats
93 cas d\'epilepsie ont ete confirmes dans une population de 1898 sujets dans le village, ce qui donne une prevalence de l\'epilepsie dans ce village de 4,9%. Le facteur de risque le plus frequent etait une histoire familiale positive de l\'epilepsie (63,4%). L\'examen neurologique etait anormal dans 22,6% des patients. Le retard mental etait retrouve dans 17,2%, les troubles psychologiques dans 16,1%, un syndrome pyramidal dans 6,4%, les troubles du langage dans 4,3%, et un syndrome cerebelleux dans 1,1% des patients. Ces troubles ont ete rapportes par 12 patients comme existant depuis au moins un an avant la date de l\'examen. Les nodules sous-cutanes etaient retrouves chez 13 patients (14,0%). Les dermatoses prurigineuses etaient presentes chez 23 patients (24,7%). Un facteur etiologique possible etait retrouve chez 66 patients (71,0%). D\'autres facteurs de risque etaient: les facteurs prenataux (8,6%), perinataux (19,4%), les infections du systeme nerveux central (9,7%) et le traumatisme crânien (5,4%).
Conclusion
Nos resultats suggerent qu\'a Bilomo, les facteurs de risque de l\'epilepsie comprennent une association des facteurs hereditaires (a prouver) et des facteurs acquis. Ceci nous amene a suggerer qu\'il doit avoir une interaction complexe entre ces differents facteurs de risque dans l\'etiogenese de l\'epilepsie dans cette region. Il est necessaire d\'effectuer les d\'autres etudes pour mieux comprendre ces interactions, responsables de l\'endemicite de l\'epilepsie dans cette zone pour la reussite d\'un programme national de lutte contre l\'epilepsie au Cameroun.
Keywords : Africa, Cameroun, Epilepsy, Risk factors, Rural area African Journal of Neurological Sciences Vol. 26 (2) 2007: pp. 18-26