Intracranial Pressure Measurement of and Investigation of the Effect of Aquaporin on Hydrocephalus Induced byExperimental Kaolin and Autologous Blood Injection: An Animal Study

Abstract

ABS TRACT Objective: Hydrocephalus is a condition in which brain tissue is damaged due to ventricular enlargement. In experimental models, hydrocephalus was induced by injecting various substances into the cerebrospinal fluid pathway or creating a subarachnoid hemorrhage model. Material and Methods: Five experimental groups were formed. The stereotaxic frame was placed in accordance with the coordinates calculated for the cisterna magna. In Group 1, only a spinal puncture was performed. In Group 2, a hydrocephalus model was created by injecting kaolin (Group 2A) and autologous blood (Group 2B). A hydrocephalus model was created with kaolin in Group 3, autologous blood in Group 4, and acetazolamide treatment was applied to both groups post-injection. Autologous blood was taken from the experimental groups before decapitation, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1 were measured by the ELISA method. After histological staining, the lateral ventricle size was measured. Intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements were taken on days 0 and 7 in all groups. Results: There was a significant increase in ICP in Groups 2A and 2B. TNF-α and IL-1 values increased more significantly in the groups that did not receive acetazolamide treatment compared to the group that received treatment. Conclusion: There was an increase in ventricle dimensions and ICP as well as TNF-α and IL-1 levels in both hydrocephalus models. Acetazolamide treatment was seen to be significantly more effective in kaolin group. This study is important because it is the first in the literature to perform biochemical and histopathological examination and ICP measurements all in the same hydrocephalus model.