The Motives and Obstacles in Iranian Women’s Participation in Political Life of the Country

S. Esmaeili
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Abstract

The article deals with the overview of the main obstacles in the Iranian women’s participation in the country’s political life originating from the national, cultural, social and economic aspects of Iranian society. Much attention is paid to the factors that motivate both Iranian women and men to participate in politics, as well as the problems that Iranian women face while struggling for their place in the parliament. The peculiarities of the political parties’ activities, the financial aspect of the candidates allowing them to take part in election campaigns, distrust of women in Iranian society (in terms of their public role), the lack of electoral quotas for women are defined as the main factors of their non-participation in the elections. However, Iranian women’s motivation, on the one hand, and the country’s political system, on the other hand, play a significant role, because they are key internal and external factors to be taken into account. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1978, the situation with women’s rights in the country improved supported by the Government’s constitutional establishment of equal rights of men and women in political life of Iran. However, other spheres remained unchanged due to strong religious influence. Only in the 1990s the rights of Iranian women to participate in the country’s politics were addressed by domestic and foreign scholars, though their studies do not provide an in-depth analysis of the problems of Iranian women concerned about the participation in political life of the present-day Iran and their solution.
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伊朗妇女参与国家政治生活的动机与障碍
本文概述了伊朗妇女参与国家政治生活的主要障碍,这些障碍来自伊朗社会的国家、文化、社会和经济方面。许多人关注促使伊朗男女参与政治的因素,以及伊朗妇女在争取议会席位时所面临的问题。政党活动的特殊性、候选人的财政状况允许她们参加竞选活动、伊朗社会对妇女的不信任(就她们的公共角色而言)、缺乏妇女选举配额被认为是她们不参加选举的主要因素。然而,伊朗女性的动机和该国的政治制度都发挥着重要作用,因为它们是需要考虑的关键内部和外部因素。1978年伊朗伊斯兰革命胜利后,在伊朗政府宪法规定男女在政治生活中享有平等权利的支持下,该国妇女的权利状况有所改善。然而,由于强烈的宗教影响,其他领域保持不变。直到1990年代,国内外学者才开始讨论伊朗妇女参政的权利,但他们的研究并未深入分析伊朗妇女参与政治生活的问题及其解决办法。
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