Parosteal osteosarcoma of the maxilla: A case report and review of the literature

Abstract

This study reports a rare case of parosteal osteosarcoma, a low-grade malignant lesion diagnosed in a 67-year-old female who presented with a slow growing oval-shaped, well circumscribed, bony hard, left maxillary swelling of 4 months' duration; extending from the region of the left upper lateral incisor tooth (22) to the left upper first molar tooth (26) and fixed to the overlying gingival. Oblique lateral radiograph showed the left maxillary alveolar ridge with lobulated ossified mass. The clinical differential diagnoses of the lesion were osteoma, and fibrous dysplasia histopathological diagnosis of parosteal osteosarcoma was made after incisional biopsy of the lesion. Surgical resection (with a wide margin) of the affected maxillary segment and the associated teeth was performed, and postsurgical biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of parosteal osteosarcoma. Parosteal osteosarcoma shares similar clinicopathological characteristics with some periosteal lesions. However, special imaging techniques and histopathological evaluation remain the most reliable tools for definitive diagnosis of these lesions.