Modelo esfuerzo-recompensa, salud y enfermedad en personal sanitario: una revisión sistemática

Abstract

psicosociales del entorno laboral de los sanitarios y desarrollar y aplicar programas de intervención para que haya un ajuste adecuado entre esfuer- zos y recompensas. Scientific literature has shown relation between the perception of a high Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) and poor health or disease in healthcare workers. The aim of the study was to carry out a systematic review of how psychosocial risks in the work environment, conceptualized from the effort-reward imbalance model, influence different dimensions of health or illness in health care professionals. Articles that were published between 2010 and 2019 were reviewed by consulting Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. 27 scientific articles were included. High ERI and over-commitment are associated with poor health or disease in different dimensions.The main limitations of this review are a possible publication bias and the impossibility of establishing causal relationships between environmental psychosocial risks and health or illness. It is necessary to address the psychosocial risks of the health care work environment and to imple- ment improvement programs to achieve a good balance between efforts and rewards.