A review of transplantation for tumors other than hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Introduction: Debates are ongoing in many centers for the indications of liver transplantation for non-hepatocellular carcinoma tumors due to a number of factors. Standardized protocols are lacking and clinical outcomes vary. Objective: A review was performed of the numerous published articles, with focus on the management and clinical outcome of tumors besides hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which were treated by liver transplantation, namely, cholangiocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors and hepatic epitheloid hemangioendothelioma in an attempt to promote a more standardized guideline. Discussion: Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma reveals promising results in selected group of patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation prior to transplantation. For neuroendocrine tumors with liver metastases a number of selection criteria have been proposed in different centers, however the results of which are still variable. Transplantation is a viable option for unresectable hepatic epitheloid hemangioepithelioma with results at par with resection. Conclusion: Over time as patient selection, techniques, peri-operative care and the understanding of the different diseases improves, the results of liver transplantation for these tumors likewise will became favourable. However, standardization of the management and guidelines are still needed.